Effects of non-thermal plasma treating wheat kernel on the physicochemical properties of wheat flour and the quality of fresh wet noodles

The effects of non-thermal plasma (NTP) on the physicochemical properties of wheat flour and the quality of fresh wet noodles ( FWN) were investigated. The results showed that NTP effectively decreased the total plate count (TPC), yeast and mould count (YMC) and Bacillus spp. in wheat flour. Wet gluten contents and the stability time reached the maximum when treated for 20 s. The viscosity of starch increased significantly after treatment due to the increased of damaged starch. The contents of secondary structure were altered to some extent, which was because that the ordered network structure of gluten protein broken. Furthermore, compared with the control, texture properties of FWN were enhanced significantly at 20 s, and the darkening rate of FWN was greatly inhibited due to the low polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Consequently, the most suitable treatment was 500 W for 20 s, providing a basis for the application of NTP in flour products.     

Consumer perception of extruded snacks containing brown rice and dried mushroom

Effects of mushroom type, seasoning and health benefit information (HBI) on consumers’ saltiness expectation, sensory liking, elicited emotions and purchase intent (PI) of extruded snacks were investigated. Five snacks were evaluated: straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) extrudates without (SME) or with seasoning (SMES), phoenix mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) extrudates without (PME) or with seasoning (PMES), and the control without mushroom and seasoning. Hedonic scores and positive emotions were generally higher for seasoned mushroom-containing snacks (SMES and PMES) with 65% and 75.83% of consumers reporting willingness to purchase, respectively, after receiving HBI. Bored, interested and satisfied were identified as significant emotional predictors for PI odds. Flavour, saltiness, overall liking, bored, good and interested were critical attributes, differentiating snacks. This study demonstrated that sensory liking and PI of extruded brown rice-based snacks containing mushroom could be improved through savoury seasoning addition, which also allowed saltiness expectations to be met.     

Process Variables, Gelatinized Starch and Moisture Effects on Physical Properties of Mungbean Noodles

The effects of amounts of gelatinized starch and moisture in the final slurry or dough, cooking time, holding time, and holding temperature on physical properties of mungbean noodles were studied. Cooking loss, cutting stress, work to cut, and transparency of noodles were measured. Moisture content of the final slurry or dough, cooking time, and holding temperature were the most important factors that affected physical properties of mungbean noodles. Processing should be done at moisture contents not exceeding 55%, cooking times not longer than 40 set, and holding temperatures not lower than 3° using 5% of total starch as gelatinized starch and holding time of 36 hr.     

关于影响面条食用品质相关因素的探讨

从小麦生产概况、面条发展历史和工艺、国内外对面条食用品质的研究3个方面,分析了我国面条工业发展缓慢的原因,提出了小麦育种-面粉工业-制面工业,3个环节紧密配合,协调发展,才能形成良性循环的新思路。     

面粉中的淀粉组分对面条蒸煮品质的影响

从面粉中提取淀粉、直链淀粉和支链淀粉,按不同的梯度添加到原面粉中制作面条.然后测定面条的蒸煮特性,寻找出淀粉、直链淀粉和支链淀粉对面条蒸煮品质影响的规律.实验表明:随着淀粉添加量的增加,面条的干物质吸水率、干物质损失率、蛋白质损失率都出现了上升的趋势;随着直链淀粉添加量的增加,面条的干物质吸水率出现了下降的趋势,而干物质损失率、蛋白质损失率都出现了上升的趋势;随着支链淀粉添加量的增加,面条的干物质吸水率出现了上升的趋势,而干物质损失率、蛋白质损失率都出现了下降的趋势.     

冷冻面条的品质改良研究

研究了几种常用的胶体和乳化剂对经过一定冻融循环的冷冻面条的品质影响.结果表明:胶体中,聚丙烯酸钠和黄原胶效果最好,可以有效提高冷冻面条的剪切力和拉伸距离;乳化剂中,蔗糖酯和DMG4效果较明显,可以明显增大冷冻面条的拉伸距离,有效提高冷冻面条的延展性.     

光－生物降解发泡PS快餐具性能评价方法研究

本文通过对国内几家单位所开发的光－生物降解发泡聚苯乙烯餐盒使用性能和降解性能的实验研究，初步提出对该类餐盒应从理化指标、毒性指标及样品经氙灯光源加速老化试验、自然气候曝露实验和野外降解实验后红外光谱分析、样品厚度变化及分子量变化情况的测试等几个方面进行评价，为该类产品的研制、开发及应用提供了依据。     

Effect of processing parameters on the pulsed-spouted microwave vacuum drying of puffed salted duck egg white/starch products

A puffed food using salted duck egg white and starch as ingredients was produced by using a novel pulsed-spouted microwave vacuum drying (PSMVD) technique. In this study, three types of samples (ratios of salted duck egg white to starch 1:10, 3:10, and 5:10) were prepared and the moisture content of these samples was dehydrated to about 12% in a PSMVD dryer, then the samples were under different microwave powers (1.34 kW, 2.01 kW, and 2.68 kW) for puffing. The product volume expansion ratio, textural crispness (breaking forces), color parameters (L*, a* and b*), and sensory scores were determined. It was observed that microwave power and different ratios of salted duck egg white to starch had a significant effect on the expansion effect of the samples. The results indicated that the best product quality was obtained under the ratio of salted duck egg white to starch at 3:10 and microwave power at 2.01 kW.     

Freeze drying and vacuum impregnating characteristics of Nostoc sphaeroides Kützing

ABSTRACT

Nostoc sphaeroides Kützing (N. sphaeroides) is a kind of edible algae widely growing in China. The paper is aimed at developing a novel snack food of N. sphaeroides using vacuum impregnation. The samples from freeze drying (FD) have large volume and loose structure, which were found suitable for processing. With nuclear magnetic resonance and imaging, the water signal of N. sphaeroides was measured in FD, and different drying-stage raw N. sphaeroides were selected to impregnate by different solutions, when the products’ impregnated mass, water activity, and flavor difference were analyzed. Results indicate that the water distribution in FD was uniform. Sucrose impregnated product was stable with large impregnated mass and low water activity, whereas trehalose impregnated product was easy to separate from the solution with low sweetness. For the products with the raw N. sphaeroides dried for 9 and 12?h, no obvious difference was found in water activity and flavor. Result shows that N. sphaeroides dehydrated for 9?h in FD is suitable for vacuum impregnation, and different impregnated products are acceptable from the point of view of flavor and storage stability.     

The protein properties of germinated naked barley with infrared and hot air-drying and its noodle-making potential

The naked barley was germinated and then carried out with hot air- or infrared drying to explore the physicochemical and functional properties of protein isolated from barley. Moreover, the relationship between protein and the noodles made from wheat and germinated barley flour was evaluated. It was found that germination affected the protein properties, and the protein properties were correlated with the properties of noodles. The content of β-sheet in protein was first increased and then decreased with germination time increased, and the protein had larger emulsification and foaming properties. Besides, the protein isolated from hot air-dried germinated barley had higher gelatinisation enthalpy and secondary structure content. Furthermore, the wheat and germinated barley mixed noodles had increased elasticity and cohesiveness and reduced viscosity and water absorption. The hardness of noodles showed was positively correlated with water absorption capacity, and the extensibility of cooked noodles was positively correlated with the foaming capacity of proteins.