山梨醇类聚丙烯成核剂的开发与应用研究进展

综述了山梨醇类聚丙烯成核剂产品在国内外的开发进展，介绍了该类成核剂在聚丙烯中的应用和效果，及其作用机理。     

含多羟基功能基树脂的合成及其与硼酸螯合性能的研究

合成了数种含有多羟基醇单醚功能基的树脂，研究了反应条件及树脂的吸附性能。     

1,3;2,4-二亚苄基山梨糖醇(DBS)合成动力学研究

在由对甲基苯磺酸催化的1,3;2,4-二亚苄基山梨糖醇(DBS)合成的非均相缩醛化反应中,通过对反应规律的研究,以及运用Klymko等提出的一个分形介质上暂态反应的化学动力学模型,得到了适合该过程的山梨糖醇浓度与反应时间的关系,并验证了该过程模型的正确性,得到动力学方程ln1c=0.325 lnt 2.727。     

1,3-2,4-二亚(对乙基)苄基山梨醇的合成

以对乙基苯甲醛和山梨醇为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,在混合溶剂中合成出1,3-2,4-二亚(对乙基)苄基山梨醇透明成核剂,通过正交实验确定了最佳合成工艺条件,反应物料为n(对乙基苯甲醛)∶n(山梨醇)=2.2∶1,混合溶剂为V(环己烷)∶V(甲醇)=2∶1,催化剂用量为山梨醇质量的1.5%,在此工艺条件下,产物收率95%以上。测定了产物的熔点和红外光谱。     

Effect of Sorbitol Plasticizer on the Structure and Properties of Melt Processed Polyvinyl Alcohol Films

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) possesses wide applications as food packaging materials, but is difficult to melt process for its strong inter/intra hydrogen bonding. In this work, flexible PVA films with different content of sorbitol plasticizers were prepared by melt processing with the assistance of water. And the influence of sorbitol plasticizer content on the crystallinity, optical transparency, water‐retaining capability, mechanical properties, thermal stability and oxygen and water permeability were investigated. The results indicated that sorbitol dramatically improved the melt processing ability of PVA. Sorbitol could interact with PVA to form strong hydrogen bonding interactions, which would decrease the original hydrogen bonding of the matrix, resulting in the decrease of crystallinity degrees. The glass transition, melting and crystallization peak temperatures decreased with the increase of sorbitol. All the films exhibited fine optical transparency. The water retaining capability were improved with the increase of sorbitol. Especially, an increase in elongation at break and decrease in Young's modulus and tensile strength were observed indicating good plasticizing effect of sorbitol on PVA films. In addition, the PVA films prepared in this work exhibited fine barrier properties against oxygen and water, suggesting wide application potential as packaging materials.     

1,3-2,4-二(3,4-二甲基)亚苄叉山梨醇溶解度的测定

利用基团贡献法计算了聚丙烯成核剂DDMBS的溶解度参数(δ=26.54J1/2.cm-3/2),在此基础上计算了部分溶剂与DDMBS样品的相容性参数,其中P(DDMBS～C6H5CH2OH)=26.94,P(DMDBS～C6H5CH2CH2OH)=35.15,P(DDMBS～1,2-二氧六环)=113.83,即苯甲醇是DDMBS成核剂的最好溶剂,其次是苯乙醇,再次是1,4-二氧六环;利用溶解度参数理论,预测DDMBS的混合溶剂为苯甲醇～甲醇和苯乙醇～甲醇;用浊度滴定法测定了成核剂DDMBS的溶解度参数,测定值为δ实验=25.24(J/ml)1/2,与用基团贡献法计算值基本一致;测定了DDMBS试样在不同溶剂中的溶解度,并建立了该成核剂试样在不同溶剂中的溶解度与温度的关系方程;在相同温度下,DDMBS在苯甲醇中溶解度稍大于在苯乙醇中的溶解度,DDMBS在1,4-二氧六环中的溶解度小于在苯甲醇、苯乙醇中的溶解度。     

Optimizing the mechanical and physical properties of thermoplastic starch via tuning the molecular microstructure through co‐plasticization by sorbitol and glycerol

Nowadays, environmental hazards caused by plastic wastes are a major concern in academia and industry. Utilization of biodegradable polymers derived from renewable sources for replacing common petroleum‐based plastics is a potential solution for reducing the problem. In this regard, starch has become one of the most promising alternatives to non‐biodegradable polymers for depleting plastic waste thanks to its low expense, abundance, renewability and biodegradability. However, the main drawbacks of starch are its poor processability, weak mechanical properties and severe hydrophilicity. In this work, thermoplastic starch (TPS) samples have been prepared using glycerol and sorbitol as co‐plasticizers in a laboratory co‐rotating twin screw extruder. Based on the mechanical test results, glycerol caused higher elongation to break but had lower tensile strength and elastic modulus compared to sorbitol plasticized starch. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and DSC results indicated that the hydrogen bond interaction between starch chains and plasticizers could be improved by replacing glycerol by sorbitol, which resulted in higher resistance against retrogradation proved by XRD results. TGA illustrated that the higher the sorbitol to glycerol ratio was, the more stable was the TPS. Using a proper amount of plasticizers (42 wt% total plasticizer, sorbitol to glycerol ratio 2:1) led to the preparation of a TPS sample with optimized properties including enhanced mechanical properties, high thermal stability, strong hydrogen bond formation and high resistance against retrogradation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

蔗糖电解还原制备甘露醇、山梨醇研究

研究了蔗糖水解产物电解还原制甘露醇和山梨醇的工艺,以Raney Ni为催化剂,H2SO4为支持电解质,当总糖浓度为1.0 mol/L,pH=9～10,电流密度为32 mA/cm2,温度为40℃,通电量为理论电量的1.2倍时,总糖的转化率大于95%。