木制品真空浸蜡实验研究

主要对在真空的条件下用液蜡作浸溃液、做木块被浸溃物的真空浸溃实验过程作了详细的介绍,分别介绍实验前的准备,实验中的现象及注意事项,试验结论等。然后说明在真空条件下的浸渍质量优于常规浸渍的质量,并得到一些浸渍质量与真空度和浸渍时间的定量关系,从而给出研究高质量浸渍结果的实验方法。     

红葡萄浸渍特性的研究

研究了黑比诺、美乐和赤霞珠在浸渍发酵及贮存后花色素的变化规律，结果表明，花色素在浸渍过程中先升高，然后降低，在浸渍的3－4d，且比重低于1．025时可达到最大值，贮存后，花色素的含量明显降低，但随着浸渍时间的处长所表现的变化规律保持不变。     

The influence of steep regime and germination period on the malting properties of some hull‐less barley lines

Following field trials in 2008 and 2010, six lines, derived by mutation in the hull‐less barley cultivar Penthouse, were selected to provide a range in grain β‐glucan content. These lines, along with Penthouse and the hulled, malting variety Optic, were then malted, using four different steeping regimes, with samples kilned after 3, 4 and 5 days of germination. The longest steep regime provided samples with optimum modification after 5 days of germination. Samples from the other steep regimes were under‐modified to varying degrees. In particular, the steeps with a single immersion gave poorly modified samples with low extracts and alcohol yields. One line, with low grain β‐glucan, gave higher alcohol yields than either Penthouse or Optic, following a regime comprising two short immersions and a single air‐rest, but there was no clear association, within the lines, between β‐glucan content and malting properties. Copyright © 2012 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

鱼腥草浸泡酒的多酚和香味成分分析及其抗氧化活性

利用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析鱼腥草浸泡酒中香味成分以及紫外分光光度计（uv）测定其多酚含量及1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除能力。结果表明,主要香味成分为羧酸及羧酸酯、醇类、萜类以及醛酮类物质,其中己酸乙酯占检出成分的66．94％,丁酸乙酯（6．55％）,月桂烯（4．51％）,戊酸乙酯（2．00％）,并检测出药理学活性的甲基正壬酮和乙酰龙脑等物质;多酚含量为1．92mg／mL,自由基清除率为62．00％。结果表明,因鱼腥草有较独特的化学以及丰富的营养成分,使得鱼腥草浸泡酒具有较丰富的营养及药理成分物质,具有一定的保健功能。     

汽轮机不开缸除钠盐的试验与应用

介绍了一种简单实用的汽轮机不开缸除钠盐方法——灌水泡洗法，该方法在平顶山天源盐化有限责任公司1^#、2^#汽轮机应用获得了成功，并取得良好的效果。     

Time Course for the Development of Enzymes in Barley1

Barley (Hordeum distichon var. Harrington) was steeped, germinated and extracted to observe the order of enzyme development. Different parts of the barley kernel were extracted to observe the order of enzyme development during the malting process. Five enzymes were investigated: carboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.16.1), endo‐β1–3, 1–4‐glucanase (EC 3.2.1.73), endo‐B1‐4‐xylanase (EC 3.2.1.136), arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55), and α‐amylase (EC 3.2.1.1). Early development of carboxypepti‐dase, followed by later development of β‐glucanase, then α‐amy‐lase, confirmed earlier reports concerning the sequence of synthesis for these activities. However, xylanase developed during the steeping of barley and early in germination, whereas other authors found this enzyme to develop much later in the malting process. Enzyme activities developed to higher levels in the proximal end of kernels for all enzymes except xylanase, which was evenly distributed throughout the kernel. Enzyme development was tested in sterile barley annuli [embryo‐less cross sections taken through the grain, and thus comprising rings of tissue with husk outermost and starchy endosperm innermost] under four effector conditions. Water controls mirrored the development pattern observed in whole barley kernels. Gibberellic acid (GA₃) promoted higher total enzyme activity and development of all enzymes at the same time. Abscisic acid (ABA) promoted earlier development of late developing enzymes (xylanase, arabinofuranosidase and α‐amylase) and significantly higher levels of xylanase than when treatment was with water alone. Mixtures of GA and ABA showed a non‐exclusive, combined response of higher activity levels and a shifting of the initiation of enzyme development. Treatment with a combination of GA and calcium chloride triggered signifycantly higher carboxy‐peptidase activity and significantly lower xylanase activity as compared to treatment with GA or with GA/ABA mixtures.     

Malting for Brewhouse Performance*

In many instances brewhouse performance cannot be predicted from a finished malt specification. This is particularly so for factors such as lautering, yeast performance, filtration and head character. There are two aspects involved in improving the brewing performance of malt. Firstly, an understanding of the malt characteristics affecting particular aspects of the brewing process and secondly an understanding of how the malting process affects or can be controlled to optimise these characteristics and thus their performance. In this work the relationship between barley variety, steeping pattern, malt quality and brewing performance is investigated. Six different barley varieties were micromalted in a Seeger micromalting unit under four different steeping regimes. Sub-samples were taken at intervals during steeping for enzyme analysis and measurement of water distribution. Following steeping, the samples were germinated and kilned using standard micromalting conditions. Finished malts were analysed by standard EBC methods for routine malt quality parameters including apparent attenuation limit. Worts were tested for total β-glucan content, β-glucan molecular weight distribution, filter plugging potential and carbohydrate levels. A sub set of malt samples were then micro-brewed and tested for β-glucan molecular weight (MW) distribution, beer filterability and foam stability.     

Effect of Pressure on Moisture Transfer During Moisture Adsorption

ABSTRACT

A set of coupled heat, mass, and pressure transfer equations was used to describe the moisture adsorption process in gmn kernels. The finite element method was used to solve the system of equations. The technique was applied to analyze the temperature, moisture, and pressure distribution in a barley kernel during soaking with steep water. The temperature and moisture distributions with (heat, mass, and pressure transfer model) and without (heat and mass uansfer) the effect of pressure were simulated for assumed conditions. The results obtained from the heat, mass, and pressure transfer model show a marked difference from the results obtained from the heat and mass transfer model. This indicated that a pressure gradient exists during the transfer Process, causing additional moisture movement due to filtration effect. Hence. the pressure tern cannot be assumed constant during the moisture adsorption process. The simulated temperature, moisture and pressure profiles and gradients can be used for determining the optimum time required for solking kernels with sleep water to produce barley malt.     

沙棘果酒的研制

以沙棘果为原料，分别用发酵法和浸泡法生产出原酒，将两种工艺生产的原酒勾调出果香浓郁，口感醇厚的沙棘酒。发酵工艺为：果浆中加入4‰干酵母，于18－25℃前发酵10d;15-20℃后发酵30d。于10－15℃陈酿1年，再经澄清处理。浸泡工艺；分别用酒度25％（v/v)和20％（v/v）脱臭酒精，浸泡两次。沙棘与酒精比分别为1：2．5和1：1．5。将发酵酒70％，浸泡酒30％进行调配。     

The Effect of Steeping Time on the Final Malt Quality of Buckwheat

To determine the effect of steeping time on final buckwheat malt quality, buckwheat was steeped for three different times resulting in three different out‐of‐steep moisture contents: 7 h steeping (35%), 13 h steeping (40%) and 80 h steeping (45%). An increased steeping time increased malting losses, total beta‐amylase activity and Kolbach index. On the contrary total nitrogen, friability and viscosity of consequent congress worts were decreased. A maximum alpha‐amylase activity was found in buckwheat malted with an out‐of‐steep moisture content of 45%. Beta‐amylase existed in a soluble and latent form in buckwheat. The latent form was solubilised during malting. In addition extra beta‐amylase was produced. In general the optimum out‐of‐steep moisture content for buckwheat is between 35 to 40%, which is a compromise between attaining the desired malt quality and minimising malting loss.