Properties and applications of β‐glycosidase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron that specifically hydrolyses isoflavone glycosides

To modify the glycan part of glycosides, the gene encoding β‐glycosidase was cloned from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI‐5482. The cloned gene, bt_1780, was expressed in Escherichia coli MC1061 and the expressed enzyme was purified using Ni‐NTA affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme, BTBG, showed optimal activity at 50 °C and pH 5.5. Interestingly, this enzyme did not have any hydrolysing activity on ordinary β‐linkage–containing substrates such as xylobiose, lactose and cello‐oligosaccharide, but specifically hydrolysed isoflavone glycosides such as daidzin, genistin and glycitin. Compared to a commercial beta glucosidase, BTBG selectively hydrolysed isoflavone glycosides in soybean extract mixture solution. These results suggest that BTBG may be a specialized enzyme for the hydrolysis of glycosides and that the substrate specificity of BTBG is applicable for the bioconversion of isoflavone glycosides in the food industry.     

合成十二烷基葡萄糖苷的工艺条件

采用对甲苯磺酸为催化剂 ,以D 葡萄糖和正十二醇为原料直接合成十二烷基糖苷 ,研究了工艺条件对反应速率、产物收率与色泽的影响。结果表明 ,催化剂用量对产物色泽无影响 ,适宜的工艺条件为 :正十二醇 /D 葡萄糖 (摩尔比 ) =4∶1,反应温度 110～ 12 0℃ ,反应时间 4h ,反应压力 4kPa ,搅拌速率大于 840r/min ,对甲苯磺酸 /D 葡萄糖 (摩尔比 ) =1.5 %,MgO为较好的中和剂。产物为乳白色 ,十二烷基糖苷总收率大于89%。     

Feeding response of Ips paraconfusus to phloem and phloem metabolites of Heterobasidion annosum-inoculated ponderosa pine,Pinus ponderosa

In studies of feeding by the bark beetle, Ips paraconfusus, two pine stilbenes (pinosylvin and pinosylvin methyl ether), ferulic acid glucoside, and enantiomers of the four most common sugars present in ponderosa pine phloem (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and raffinose) did not stimulate or reduce male feeding when assayed on wet -cellulose with or without stimulatory phloem extractives present. When allowed to feed on wet -cellulose containing sequential extracts (hexane, methanol, and water) of ponderosa pine phloem, methanol and water extractives stimulated feeding, but hexane extractives did not. Males confined in wet -cellulose containing aqueous or organic extracts of culture broths derived from phloem tissue and containing the root pathogen, Heterobasidion annosum, ingested less substrate than beetles confined to control preparations. In an assay using logs from uninoculated ponderosa pines, the mean lengths of phloem in the digestive tracts increased as time spent feeding increased. Males confined to the phloem of basal logs cut from ponderosa pines artificially inoculated with H. annosum ingested significantly less phloem than beetles in logs cut from trees that were (combined) mock-inoculated or uninoculated and did not contain the pathogen. However, individual pathogen-containing treatments were not significantly different from uninoculated controls. It was concluded that altered feeding rates are not a major factor which may explain why diseased ponderosa pines are colonized by I. paraconfusus.     

Response of generalist and specialist insects to qualitative allelochemical variation

We examined the effects of a set of four biosynthetically related iridoid glycosides, aucubin, catalpol, loganin, and asperuloside, on larvae of a generalist,Lymantria dispar (Lymantriidae), the gypsy moth, and an adapted specialist, the buckeye,Junonia coenia (Nymphalidae). In general,L. dispar grew and survived significantly less well on artificial diets containing iridoid glycoside, compared to a control diet without iridoid glycosides. In choice tests, previous exposure to a diet containing iridoid glycosides caused larvae subsequently to prefer iridoid glycoside-containing diets even though they were detrimental to growth and survival. In contrast,J coenia larvae grew and survived better on diets with aucubin and catalpol, the two iridoid glycosides found in the host plantPlantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae), than on diets with no iridoid glycoside or with loganin and asperuloside. The results of choice tests of diets with and without iridoid glycosides and between diets with different iridoid glycosides reflected these differences as well. These results are discussed in terms of (1) differences between generalists and specialists in their response to qualitative variation in plant allelochemical content, (2) the induction of feeding preferences, and (3) the evolution of qualitative allelochemical variation as a plant defense.     

HZSM-5固载苯并噻唑离子液体催化合成烷基糖苷及其动力学

以自制苯并噻唑离子液体([HBth]HSO4)为活性组分，HZSM-5分子筛为载体，通过过量溶剂浸渍法制备了固载型苯并噻唑离子液体催化剂([HBth]HSO4/HZSM-5)并用于催化合成烷基糖苷，通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、N2物理脱附、场发射电子显微镜和X射线衍射对催化剂结构进行表征，结果表明，[HBth]HSO4被成功地引入到HZSM-5载体的表面及孔道内。当催化剂用量为1.5 wt%，反应温度为105℃，醇糖摩尔比n(葡萄糖):n(辛醇)=6:1时，辛基糖苷得率达148.8%（产物质量/葡萄糖的质量?100%）。底物拓展及催化剂稳定性研究结果表明，[HBth]HSO4/HZSM-5对烷基糖苷及其衍生物都具有良好的催化效果，且催化剂能稳定循环使用四次，活性组分流失是催化剂失活的主要原因。通过对烷基糖苷催化合成机理和动力学的研究，确定了动力学方程。     

光化学反应中的磁场效应 Ⅱ.电子转移光敏化1,2-二苯乙烯的顺反异构化反应

前文报道了外加磁场对吸附在硅胶表面上的芳砜光解反应的影响,本文报道外加磁场影响光化学反应的另一个例子——电子转移光敏化1,2-二苯乙烯的异构化。 近年来电子转移光敏化反应引起了有机光化学家们的极大注意。一些异构化、重排、裂解、氧化反应都可以通过电子转移机理敏化。电子转移光敏化的机理可以用(1)描述。图中A和D分别代表电子的受体和给体。     

烷基糖苷—新型世界级表面活性剂

本文综述了烷基糖苷的合成方法、物化性能及应用性能。     

EGSnrc系统在计算闪烁探测器响应函数矩阵中的应用

在Linux操作系统上使用EGSnrc系统中的PEGS4程序离线计算光子及电子与茋晶体、铝和铅相互作用的截面数据库，并利用计算的截面数据库作为该系统中Dosnrc程序的输入数据计算得到了铅屏蔽晶体对光子各能量点的响应函数，并将其组成矩阵。通过测量几种标准γ源来检验响应函数矩阵的准确程度。     

大豆叶子中大豆皂甙总配糖体的分离纯化研究

在大豆叶子中大豆皂甙总配糖体提取工艺的基础上,进一步对总配糖体进行了分离纯化研究,主要研究了大豆皂甙总配糖体的脱色澄清、萃取以及萃取后得到大豆皂甙总配糖体的柱分离精制,从而得到了大豆皂甙分离纯化最佳的工艺条件.