芦笋保健搅拌酸奶的研制

芦笋是一种兼食品及较强保健功能的稀有蔬菜。对芦笋加工处理、发酵菌种选育驯化、辅料的选择、发酵工艺条件、搅拌方法等一系列的工艺探索,研制出色泽微翠绿、芦笋味典型并适合中老年消费者需求的保健型搅拌酸奶。     

施加复合电磁搅拌对A357合金微观组织的影响

在半固态加工技术中，电磁搅拌是最早应用于制备非枝晶浆料的方法之一，同时也是半固态触变压铸技术最早获得工业应用的重要技术基础之一。采用自行开发的电磁搅拌器，研究了多种不同电磁搅拌方式在不同工艺条件下，单独施加或复合施加对A357合金微观组织的影响。试验结果表明：单一施加旋转感应电磁搅拌时，浆料径向组织很不均匀；单一施加无芯感应电磁搅拌。当搅拌电流较小时，径向组织也不均匀，增大电流，浆料质量有明显改善；采用（旋转感应＋无芯感应）复合电磁场进行复合电磁搅拌时，可在电流较小时获得满意的浆料质量。     

电磁搅拌制备ZL12Y铝合金流变半固态浆料的实验及模拟研究

对不同温度及不同搅拌工艺下得到的材料的显微组织的比较，确定了合理的半固态温度和搅拌工艺，即半固态温度为590℃，震荡电流为500A。随后对单个线圈电磁搅拌过程进行建模及电磁场和流速场的耦合模拟得到了电磁场和流速场分布，此结果与电磁搅拌的原理及实验结果相一致。计算出在该温度和工艺下熔体内部的平均流动速度为3．2cm／s，将该结果作为能否得到半固态浆料的判据。     

Taste recognition threshold concentrations of styrene in oil-in-water emulsions and yoghurts

Taste recognition threshold concentrations (TRTC) of styrene were determined in samples of oil-in-water emulsions (30–300 g kg^?1 oil) and yoghurts (1–30 g kg^?1 fat), spiked with styrene. The observed TRTC increased linearly with increasing fat content and ranged from 0–3 to 2–1 mg kg^?1 for the emulsions and from 36 to 171 g kg^?1 for the yoghurts. Styrene equilibrium partition coefficients between emulsions and their respective vapour phases were determined. The concentrations of styrene in the continuous aqueous phase of the emulsions and yoghurts were calculated at the TRTC. The styrene concentrations in the continuous phase had constant values of about 15 g kg^?1 indicating that perception of styrene for oil-in–water emulsions is determined by the aqueous phase of the emulsion. The concentrations of styrene in the vapor phases above the emulsions and yoghurts were also calculated and were found to be constant at the TRTC. This relationship probably resulted from the equilibrium of distribution of styrene between the respective phases. Commercial yoghurt packed in polystyrene beakers contained styrene levels in the range 2–11 g kg^?1, much lower then the TRTC reported.     

Effect of low-frequency rotary electromagnetic-field on solidification structure of continuous casting austenitic stainless steel

To understand the solidification behavior of austenitic stainless steel in rotary electromagnetic-field, the influence of low-frequency rotary electromagnetic-field on solidification structure of austenitic stainless steel in horizontal continuous casting was investigated based on industrial experiments. The results show that the solidification structure of austenitic stainless steel can be remarkably refined, the central porosity and shrinkage cavity can be remarkably decreased, and the equiaxed grains zone are enlarged by means of application of appropriate low-frequency electromagnetic-field parameters. The industrial trials verify that the stirring intensity of austenitic stainless steel should be higher compared with that of plain carbon steel. Electromagnetic stirring affects the macrostructure even if the average magnetic flux density of the electromagnetic stirring reaches 90 mT (amplitude reaches 141 mT) with the frequency of 3–4 Hz. Due to a higher viscosity, rotating speed of molten stainless steel is 20%–30% lower than that of molten carbon steel in the same magnetic flux density. Foundation item: Project(CSTC2007BB4216) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China     

三聚氰胺对酸乳发酵的影响

为了阐明三聚氰胺对酸乳发酵的影响,以含不同浓度三聚氰胺的鲜牛乳为原料进行了酸乳的发酵实验,测定了发酵过程中的pH值、发酵前后的活菌数及凝乳时间.结果表明：添加三聚氰胺会增大凝乳时的pH值,变化的最大值为0.78;也会增加凝乳时间,增加的最大值为1.5 h;凝乳时,乳酸菌的活菌数有所下降,但下降值不超过一个数量级;酸乳中三聚氰胺浓度越高,凝乳时质地越疏松;酸乳中菌体的形态差异并不明显.     

超声波钢包精炼冷态模拟

以某钢厂180t钢包为原型,进行超声波改善钢包熔池搅拌效果的冷态模拟实验。通过记录pH计示数变化研究底吹气体搅拌均混时间及超声波搅拌均混时间。实验结果表明,在底吹空气水模实验中,当吹气位置在距离中心为0．33R,流量为0．1m3／h时,底吹气体搅拌所需的均混时间最短为50s;超声波水模实验中,当波源伸入钢包的中心液面下25cm处,输出功率1．8kw,均混时间最短为35s;在超声波和底吹气体联合实验中。当吹气位置在距离中心为0．33R,流量为0．1m^3／h,波源伸入钢包的中心液面下25cm处,输出功率1．8kw时,均混时间最短为48s;可以看出超声波可明显缩短钢包均混时间,改善钢包精炼动力学条件。     

Investigations of fluid dynamics in mechanically stirred aerated slurry reactors

The fluid dynamics of stirred aerated slurry reactors with A-310® propeller, 4-blade 45° pitch turbine and 6-blade Rushton disc turbine were studied over a wide range of gas flow rates. With respect to power consumption, gas hold-up, and fluid dynamically limiting cases, viz., suspension and flooding, the Rushton disc turbine was found to be the best in stirred aerated slurry reactors. The influence of particle density, shape and mass fraction and of liquid properties on gassed critical stirrer speed, N_jsg, and of gassed power input per unit volume, P_jsg, on particle suspension and gas dispersion, were investigated. Empircal correlations in combination with that of Zwietering were established for scale-up design in three-phase slurry reactors.     

平直与圆柱叶片的搅拌致热特性试验研究

设计了以平直叶片和圆柱叶片作为搅拌致热叶片的致热器,并搭建了一套风力致热实验系统,测量两种叶片在致热器内1 h的温度升高情况.当转速达到450 r/min时两种叶片在致热器内的温度分别为55.623℃与54.979℃.通过绘制温升曲线分析两种叶片的致热性能,并对两种叶片在致热器内产生的流态进行了分析,认为平直叶片致热流态的效果较为理想.     

摆动磁场条件下的焊接接头组织研究

为了优化不锈钢焊接工艺,提高焊接质量,进行了外加电磁场条件下的304不锈钢钨极氩弧焊(TIG),磁场施加方式分别为横向磁场和旋转磁场.焊后采用电子显微镜对焊接接头进行显微组织观察,研究了不同外加磁场类型和不同焊接速度对不锈钢焊接接头组织的作用规律.试验结果表明,外加磁场改变了熔池的流动形态,使金属液由四周向中心流动并伴有搅拌,也使焊缝熔深增大的同时,抑制柱状晶的形成,细化组织.