1978年前我国高校工农阶层子女入学优惠政策研究

从高校招生的演变历史看，中国在1978年以前对工农阶层子女实行高校入学优惠政策主要源于国家对这一阶层的特殊偏好而实行平均主义分配政策所致。国家通过报考资格政策、优先录取政策和免试推荐入学政策人为地大幅度提高了工农阶层子女在高校大学生中所占的比例。从公平视角看，这项政策不仅违背了公平原则，而且降低了人才选拔的质量。     

Finances and Well-Being: A Dynamic Equilibrium Model of Resources.

This study of 513 Dutch farmers tested a dynamic equilibrium model of resources (an extension of the conservation of resources theory; S. E. Hobfoll, 1989, 1998, 2001). With structural equation modeling, the advantages of a 3-wave longitudinal design were comprehensively used, such as addressing bidirectional causal effects and within-individual vs. between-individual change. This allowed for a careful analysis of the management function of resources in the stress process. Results showed that well-being had stronger within-person stability than finances. Increased levels of financial problems temporarily increased psychological distress but not self-reported illness. Conversely, farmers with higher stable baselines of psychological distress also had higher baselines of self-reported illness and experienced more negative changes in their financial situation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Stress in Dairy Farming and the Adoption of New Technology.

Previous studies have identified a number of different farm stressors and have reported gender and age differences in levels of stress. This study aimed to determine stress experienced by New Zealand dairy farmers, particularly in relation to adoption of new technology and its relationship to age and gender. Measures of farm stress and adoption of technology were completed by 985 dairy farmers. The highest levels of stress were reported for time pressures, machinery breakdown, weather, and government policies. Stress related to new technologies occurred rarely. Women reported more stress and higher levels of stress for understanding new technologies. There was also an increase in severity of stress with age related to new technologies. Overall, stress levels were moderate and may reflect favorable economic conditions. The findings suggest a need to tailor stress interventions to meet specific needs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于信息资源聚合的农民专业合作社信息系统

针对农民专业合作社信息获取与信息发布难、成本高的问题,提出基于XM L Schema的农民专业合作社信息聚合元数据表示规范,设计数据传输流程和信息定制与智能推送机制,建设两层部署体系的农民专业合作社信息系统。系统信息服务中心与农业搜索引擎（AgSoso）相结合,为远端用户系统提供最新的信息资源;系统客户端实现合作社生产经营信息的本地化管理,并向信息服务中心同步最新的农产品等信息。应用结果表明,该方案投入成本、维护成本低,资源利用效率高,具有较高的实用应用价值,为农民专业合作社提供了一套基于多来源数据聚合服务的技术解决方案。     

我国4省农民思想教育现状分析及对策研究

摘 要 加强农民教育,提高农民素质,培养新型农民是建设社会主义新农村的现实需要,是当前农业与 农村工作中一项十分紧迫的任务。该文从社会学视角,结合陕西、河南、山东、江西4省样本,对当前农 民思想素质教育问题进行较为深入的探讨,在此基础上,提出了今后农民思想教育发展的思路。     

新农保试行过程中的问题与对策研究——以安徽省泾县为例

新型农村社会养老保险制度的实施是国家建立健全统筹城乡社会保障体系的一项重大“民生工程”,对改变城乡二元结构、缩小城乡差距起着重要作用,能够有效地保障农村居民老年基本生活。通过对安徽省宣城市泾县实地调查的情况分析,发现存在农民的参保率未达到预期、参保档次普遍偏低、政策宣传不到位等问题,提出提高参保率以及参保档次、简化农保办理手续、整合政府农保制度、完善农保代办机构基础建设、倡导家庭养老等方面的对策建议。     

城镇化进程中失地农民社会保障问题与对策

近几年来我国农村城镇化发展有了明显成效,但社会保障问题一直困扰着失地农民。征地制度不完善、社会保障水平发展不平衡,以及户籍制度的不完善是失地农民社会保障存在障碍的主要原因,因此应该进一步完善耕地制度、社会保障制度、失地农民的再就业机制,以及加强户籍政策建设。     

论农村基层民主政治建设与农民政治素质的关系

政治主体的政治素质直接影响到民主政治建设,民主政治建设又会提高政治主体的政治素质。农村基层民主政治建设的主要形式是村民自治,其实施的主观条件就是农民政治素质的提高。提高农民政治素质,既是农村基层民主政治建设的基础,也是农村基层民主政治建设的重要内容。反过来,农村基层民主政治建设不仅对农民政治素质提出了更高的要求,也必将使农民的政治素质得到显著提高。     

认知闭合需要对农户规范施药行为的影响研究——基于信息加工的中介效应

文章利用辽宁省农户微观调查数据,从认知心理学角度应用结构方程模型分析了认知闭合需要对施药行为的影响机理。研究结果表明:认知闭合需要水平越高,农户施药行为越不规范。具体而言,规则性偏好和确定性偏好程度越高,其施药行为的规范性越低;心理封闭对农户施药行为没有显著影响。同时,认知闭合需要对农户施药行为具有间接影响,且在规则性偏好和确定性偏好对施药行为的间接影响中,信息加工产生了中介效应。     

Commercial farmers’ strategies to control water resources in South Africa: an empirical view of reform

This article shows how large-scale commercial farmers, individually and collectively, are responding to land and water reform processes in the Thukela River basin, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. With a high degree of innovative agency, commercial farmers have effectively executed four strategies, enabling them to adapt and use their access to resources to neutralize multiple water reform efforts that once promised to be catalysts for inclusive change in the post-apartheid era. It is likely that policy alone will not facilitate the envisioned transformation, if local practices are not sufficiently understood and anticipated by the governmental officials charged with the implementation of water reform processes.