ANALYSIS OF OPEN SUN DRYING EXPERIMENTS

Open sun drying has lost its previous importance due to the fact that different factors affect its reliability and the quality of the products obtained.

One of the set-backs for the analysis of solar drying exoeriments is their deoendence on a non-controlled source of energy, i.e. solar radiation depends on climatic conditions and experiments are difficult to compare. It is thus necessary to investigate the advantages of a particular set up as well as the climatic influences. Open sun drying could constitute the natural reference, allowing the comparison of different drying strategies.

A new way of standardizing drying times, based on solar radiation inout, is proposed, to allow better evaluation of the experiments. An equivalent time is defined, allowing comparison of experiments carried out under different circumstances. Carrots and potatoes were used in these experiments.

The use of the average daily solar radiation 15.28 MJ m^-2.d^-1 in Palma de Mallorca (39.33°N, 2.37°E), is proposed for comparison purposes. An improvement of more than 12 % in the explained variance was observed, the unexplained variance being lower than 1 %.     

基于红外传感原理的无人机姿态测量系统设计

由于红外温度传感器能有效感知天空间的热辐射,并且相比传统姿态测量的传感器具有体积小、重量轻、成本低等特点,设计一种基于红外传感原理的无人机姿态测量系统;该系统以新型的ARM Cortex—M3内核微处理器STM32F103ZET6作为处理单元,通过采集红外传感器的姿态信息,进行姿态解算,进而获得无人机的姿态角;同时分析了太阳干扰对实验的影响。实验测试表明:该姿态测量系统简单实用,性能稳定,精度高,能有效满足一般无人机姿态测量的要求。     

物理防晒剂配方应用

指出了防晒对人体的重要性，并给出了防晒产品提高效能的依据。重点讨论了如何使用TIOVEIL和SPECTRAVEIL分散液来取得最佳的效能，在达到最高的SPF值和UVA防护的同时保证最终产品的稳定和雅致外观。同时还给出了物理防晒产品TIOVEIL和SPECTRAVEIL的配方指导。     

The Holy Alignment: Geodesic and Astronomical Fundamentals for Calculating the Adjustment of Medieval Naves

It is commonly believed that the longitudinal axes of churches extend exactly in an east-west direction. However, thorough investigations have shown that this is not always correct; rather, both southern and northern deviations of up to about 25° can occur. The angular deviation between the church axis and true east is called the Holy Alignment. This present study presents the possibility that the nave is oriented towards the direction of the sun-rising point on the name day of the patron saint of the church. If several saints share the patronage, the Holy Alignment equals the algebraic sum of the angular distances for each saint. The orientation of a nave can be analyzed by means of common mathematical relations used in geodesy, astronomy and gnomonics. In order to perform such an analysis, it is necessary to know the history of the patronage of the church; the Gauss-Krüger coordinates of the ground plan; and characteristic astronomical quantities at the time the church was built. A calculated example with the saints Andrew, James and Philip for the year 980 illustrates the analysis. An appendix deals with the influence of atmospheric refraction on the apparent altitude of the sun near the horizon.     

基于标准CMOS工艺的片上太阳敏感器研究

微纳卫星对于载荷的苛刻要求使得太阳敏感器的微型化研究具有重要意义。为了解决光学器件和处理电路的集成兼容问题,文章基于标准CMOS工艺提出一种新型片上太阳敏感器,以金属走线层构建微型墙结构,两侧均匀分布pn结构成光电传感器,通过检测两侧光电流比例解算出入射光角度。文章从工艺实现、模型建立、数值仿真和实验测试等方面验证了器件的合理性和可行性。最终,片上太阳敏感器阵列芯片质量为1.5g,尺寸为304.2mm³,检测精度为±1.6°,视场范围为80°,可满足微型化需求。     

基于Pandora 观测的OMI 全球臭氧产品精度验证

臭氧是大气中一种重要的微量气体, 是影响对流层与平流层大气运动的重要成分之一, 臭氧的高精度探测 对于环境和气候具有重要的意义。OMI 传感器是目前具备探测全球臭氧含量的主要遥感传感器之一。利用地基 Pandora 观测网全球范围内44 个臭氧观测站点数据对OMI 卫星数据产品进行了精度验证。结果表明: OMI 臭氧产品 与Pandora 地基测量结果之间具有很好的线性相关性, 相关系数达到0.948, 但精度结果存在区域差异。在南半球地区, 相关系数为0.915; 在北半球低纬度地区, 其相关系数为0.932, 中纬度地区相关系数为0.948, 而在高纬度地区, 相关系 数达到了0.957。此外, 验证精度还与臭氧柱总量存在相关性, 在臭氧柱总量低于220 Du (对应臭氧空洞条件) 时, OMI 卫星产品存在高估现象, 高估约13%; 而在臭氧柱总量高于400 Du 时, OMI 的臭氧产品低于Pandora 地基测量结果, 且 随着臭氧柱总量增加, 低估情况也越严重, 在臭氧柱总量达到500 Du 时, OMI 臭氧产品低估约4%。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的卫星组合姿态确定物理仿真技术研究

针对未来卫星应用的高精度、高可靠性定姿技术需求,设计了卫星单轴组合姿态确定物理仿真系统;采用太阳敏感器和光纤陀螺组合定姿模式,提出了一种扩展卡尔曼滤波组合姿态确定算法,用C语言进行了实验软件设计,系统采用DSP为处理器,还设计了多敏感器数据采集扩展接口;物理仿真实验结果:姿态确定精度优于0.5°;陀螺常值漂移估计的平均值为3.625758e-4°/s,证明了组合姿态确定算法的有效性和该项技术对工程应用的可行性。     

n-太阳图的线图及全图的团覆盖数与团划分数

主要讨论ｎ－太阳图的线图及全图的团覆盖数和团划分数,得出了ｎ－太阳图的线图及全图的覆团盖数与团划分数相等且都是ｎ的倍数。     

基于Solaris 10平台电子邮件服务的实现

以当前流行的开源软件和操作系统为基础,介绍了两种服务器端电子邮件服务的实现方式。涉及到服务器配置以及软件模块的编写。并分析了不同方式实现电子邮件服务的优劣。     

U.v. absorbers in sun cosmetics 1978

A comprehensive survey has been carried out to establish which sun-screen agents are used by the cosmetics industry in Holland. During 1978, some 200 cosmetic sun preparations, composed of forty-eight brands, were purchased and analysed to determine which u.v. absorbing compounds were present. Most of those found were identified and quantified by means of thin layer chromatography and u.v. spectrometry. A basis for this work was the proposal by the European Cosmetic Manufacturers to produce a positive list of u.v. absorbers. It was felt that by carrying out this survey, some priority could be placed on the most popular materials used by the industry. When comparing those found with the European list of u.v. absorbers 1978, only twenty-four of the sixty compounds listed could be identified in the samples. The six most frequently used were found to be:

• 1 2-Ethylhexyl.p.methoxycinnamate (nineteen brands).
• 2 2-Phenylbenzimidazole.5-sulphonic acid (eleven brands).
• 3 2-Ethoxyethyl.p.methoxycinnamate (nine brands).
• 4 3 (4′Methylbenzylidene)D,D,L-camphor (seven brands).
• 5 3-Benzylidene.D,L-camphor (six brands).
• 6 2-Hydroxy.4-methoxy.benzophenone (six brands).

Usage levels varied from 0.4% up to 6.8%. Twenty-two products used a combination of two, and four products a combination of three sun-screens. Les filtres u.v. dans les produits anti-solaires 1978