Feasibility of fishmeal replacement by shrimp head silage protein hydrolysate in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) diets

This study provides information on the use of shrimp head silage protein hydrolysate (SPH) as an alternative protein source for tilapia feeding. Six diets (28% protein, 12% lipid) were prepared where fishmeal protein was replaced at levels of 0 (control), 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% with the hydrolysate. The diets were supplied to Nile tilapia fry (338 mg initial weight) stocked in plastic recirculating 20 l tanks (10 animals per tank), with three replicates per treatment. After an 8 week experimental period, fish fed the diets containing 10 and 15% SPH showed significantly better performance in terms of final body weight, weight gain (%), mean daily weight gain (mg day^?1), specific growth ratio and feed conversion ratio than those fed the control diet (fishmeal as protein source) and higher‐SPH diets. It is concluded that shrimp head hydrolysate is a promising alternative protein source for tilapia feeding, improving growth ratio at dietary inclusion levels as high as 15%. In addition, the diets with added shrimp silage protein were well accepted by the fish, which avidly consumed the feed during the experiment. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of irradiation and packaging type on sensory quality of chill-stored turkey breast fillets

A panel of experienced assessors was used to test the effect of irradiation at 2.5kGy (250krad) on the sensory quality of 1-day and 21-day-old turkey breast fillets stored at 1°C in either oxygen-permeable polythene or an oxygen-impermeable barrier film. In the application of Free Choice Profiling and Generalized Procrustes Analysis, assessors used their own terms to describe the appearance, odour and flavour of the samples.
The irradiated samples showed negligible growth of micro-organisms across 21 days of storage. Radiation treatment resulted in an intense pink colour in the raw and cooked samples, which was maintained during storage in oxygen-impermeable film, but decreased in samples exposed to oxygen during storage. Radiation also produced a set of unpleasant raw odour notes variously described as sour, rancid, mature, bad meat or putrid in the samples stored in oxygen-impermeable film. These notes were unlike the sulphurous notes previously associated with protein denaturation in irradiated chicken and were apparently distinct from the odour notes that developed in corresponding non-irradiated samples.     

镉质量浓度和鱼尺寸对罗非鱼积累和转移镉的影响

为研究尺寸和镉(Cd~(2+))质量浓度对罗非鱼积累和转移水环境中Cd~(2+)的影响,用室内培养的方法,选取4种尺寸的罗非鱼,设置不同质量浓度Cd~(2+)的暴露试验,分别测定其半致死率、Cd~(2+)积累量和对Cd~(2+)的转移系数以及罗非鱼的相对增长率.结果表明:不同尺寸的罗非鱼对Cd~(2+)的响应不同,其中,幼龄鱼的LC50浓度最低,体长为31.5±3.4 cm的罗非鱼LC50最高;低质量浓度Cd~(2+)(0.5 mg/kg)处理下,罗非鱼尺寸不同,相同鱼组织对Cd~(2+)的吸收积累量差异显著(P0.05),而高质量浓度Cd~(2+)处理时,不同尺寸罗非鱼的同一组织对Cd~(2+)的积累量无显著性差异;除体长27.4±2.9 cm罗非鱼外,相同尺寸的罗非鱼Cd~(2+)转移系数都是低质量浓度显著大于高质量浓度(P0.05);高质量浓度Cd~(2+)处理对各种尺寸罗非鱼质量增加的抑制率显著高于低质量浓度Cd~(2+)处理的抑制率.此外,不同Cd~(2+)质量浓度对相同尺寸的罗非鱼也产生不同的影响.因此,罗非鱼的尺寸和Cd~(2+)质量浓度都对罗非鱼积累和转移Cd~(2+)产生影响.     

The analysis of trans fatty acid profiles in deep frying palm oil and chicken fillets with an improved gas chromatography method

An improved gas chromatography method for the simultaneous separation of 52 fatty acids (FAs) has been developed. For both oleic acid and linoleic acid, a good resolution was achieved for their positional and geometrical (cis/trans) isomers. This method was validated to be precise, accurate and sensitive. With this method, the FAs profiles in palm oil and chicken fillets were analyzed. In general, small changes were observed in the composition of FAs and formation of trans isomers after 8 h frying at the temperature lower than 200 °C. However, with extreme deep-frying process, the thermal degradation and TFAs formation in frying oil increased in direct proportion to frying temperature and time. Moreover, the FAs composition of fried chicken fillets was found to be mostly in correspondence with that of the frying oil, which might be due to the oil absorption or interaction between the frying oils and frying materials.     

冻结速率对罗非鱼鱼肠品质的影响

以罗非鱼鱼肠为对象,研究了不同冻结速率(3.40、2.73、0.73、0.23cm.h-1)对罗非鱼鱼肠冻结曲线及品质的影响。结果表明,罗非鱼鱼肠的冻结点为-1.4±0.1℃,随着冻结速率的增加,汁液流失率减少,白度下降;与未冻结的鱼肠相比,四种冻结速率下的冻结都会使罗非鱼鱼肠的破断力、破断距离以及凝胶强度下降。感官评价表明,冻藏后罗非鱼鱼肠的整体接受性降低,这与凝胶强度、白度、汁液流失率等指标表示的结果一致。综合各品质指标,提高冻结速率有助于保持罗非鱼鱼肠的品质。     

熏制即食罗非鱼片加工过程中的挥发性成分分析

为研究熏制即食罗非鱼片在不同加工阶段产品风味变化,采用同时蒸馏萃取结合GC-MS分析了新鲜鱼肉、熏制鱼肉、熏制腌制鱼肉以及添加调味油的熏制腌制鱼肉的挥发性物质,最终新鲜罗非鱼检测出17种挥发性成分,熏制罗非鱼和熏制腌制罗非鱼分别检测出35种和45种挥发性成分,而添加调味油的产品检测出53种挥发性成分。结果表明熏制过程赋予了鱼肉较多的以愈创木酚、4-甲基愈创木酚、4-已基愈创木酚、苯酚为代表的酚类物质,另外还有醛酮类物质以及一定的酸类物质,使鱼肉呈现出特有的烟熏风味,腌制过程对改变产品的风味作用不明显,添加香辛料油后产品增加了酯类物质、酚类物质和不饱和烯烃类物质,这些成分虽然在挥发性成分中含量较低,但是对改变产品的风味作用明显。