Use of ultrafiltration for preparing improved tomato pulp

The characteristics of high-quality tomato pulp (commercial def.: crushed or diced tomatoes with about 30% tomato juice as packing medium) canned with tomato juice pulp enriched by ultrafiltration as packing medium were compared with those covered with conventional vacuum-concentrated juice.
Both hot- and cold-break products were prepared and those containing 20% serum-reduced packing juice proved to be the best, showing no signs of syneresis on storage and with improvements in sensory properties, colour and non-enzymatic browning; some volatile components were reduced.     

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Generation of Pathogen-Resistant Tomato against Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Powdery Mildew

Tomato is one of the major vegetable crops consumed worldwide. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and fungal Oidium sp. are devastating pathogens causing yellow leaf curl disease and powdery mildew. Such viral and fungal pathogens reduce tomato crop yields and cause substantial economic losses every year. Several commercial tomato varieties include Ty-5 (SlPelo) and Mildew resistance locus o 1 (SlMlo1) locus that carries the susceptibility (S-gene) factors for TYLCV and powdery mildew, respectively. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is a valuable genome editing tool to develop disease-resistant crop varieties. In this regard, targeting susceptibility factors encoded by the host plant genome instead of the viral genome is a promising approach to achieve pathogen resistance without the need for stable inheritance of CRISPR components. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to target the SlPelo and SlMlo1 for trait introgression in elite tomato cultivar BN-86 to confer host-mediated immunity against pathogens. SlPelo-knockout lines were successfully generated, carrying the biallelic indel mutations. The pathogen resistance assays in SlPelo mutant lines confirmed the suppressed accumulation of TYLCV and restricted the spread to non-inoculated plant parts. Generated knockout lines for the SlMlo1 showed complete resistance to powdery mildew fungus. Overall, our results demonstrate the efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce targeted mutagenesis for the rapid development of pathogen-resistant varieties in tomato.     

Sex pheromone of tomato fruit borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis

Five candidate pheromone components were identified by analyzing pheromone gland extracts by gas chromatography (GC), coupled GC-electroantennographic detection (EAD), and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (MS): (E)-11-hexadecenol(E11–16 : OH), (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11–16 : OH),(E)-11-hexadecenal, (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, and (Z)-3,(Z)-6,(Z)-9-tricosatriene (Z3,Z6,Z9–23 : Hy). In electroantennogram (EAG) recordings, synthetic E11–16 : OH elicited stronger antennal responses at low doses than other candidate pheromone components. Field tests demonstrated that synthetic E11–16 : OH as a trap bait was effective in attracting males, whereas addition of Z11–16 : OH inhibited the males' response. Z3,Z6,Z9–23 : Hy strongly enhanced attractiveness of E11–16 : OH, but was not attractive by itself. A pheromone blend with synergistic behavioral activity of an alcohol (E11–16 : OH) and hydrocarbon (Z3,Z6,Z9–23 : Hy) component is most unusual in the Lepidoptera. The synthetic two-component pheromone is approximately 60 times more attractive than the female-produced blend and might facilitate the control of this pest.     

不同改良剂对滨海盐渍粉土改良效果的试验研究

采用桶栽试验的方法,研究了基质、稻壳和菌糠三种不同有机质改良剂对滨海盐渍粉土理化性质和西红柿产量的影响。研究结果表明:与不加改良剂(CK)相比,三种有机质改良剂可降低表层土壤干容重22.5%～33.1%,孔隙率增加25.5%～37.7%;土壤的含盐量降低5.05%～24.54%。使用改良剂处理的土壤,碱化度(ESP)、pH、土壤交换性Na+、土壤Na+、K+占阳离子总量和土壤Cl-下降,而土壤Ca2+和SO42-增加。三种改良剂均能显著增加西红柿的产量,增幅在24.05%～34.46%;单果总量整体有所提高。结果表明,基质、稻壳和菌糠对滩涂高钠盐粉土均具有较好的改良效果。综合考虑改良剂的价格、材料获得难易程度,稻壳和菌康是较为适宜的滨海盐渍粉土改良材料。     

番茄喷施“增收保”的增产效果

本文介绍了番茄喷施“增收保”──一种广谱型植物生长调节剂大田试验示范的增产效果．     

樱桃番茄果脯糖煮液废水的回用工艺及其对果脯品质的影响

目的:研究樱桃番茄果脯糖煮液废水的降黏回用工艺及其对果脯品质的影响.方法:对比6种降黏剂,以运动黏度和浊度为指标,确定降黏条件,并对比回用液的渗糖速率,建立废水降黏回用工艺.测定不同糖煮液腌渍果脯的营养成分、抗氧化能力和感官风味,评价回用工艺对樱桃番茄果脯品质的影响.结果:糖煮液废水经真空浓缩后回用,对果脯的脂溶性营养...     

施肥水平对日光温室番茄光合生理的影响

试验设计了5个施肥水平以研究对日光温室不同季节(茬口)番茄光合生理的影响。结果表明:随着日光温室番茄生育进程推进,叶绿素含量逐渐降低,叶绿素a/b比值冬春茬呈逐渐降低趋势,而秋冬茬呈逐渐增加趋势。随着施肥量的增加叶绿素含量呈增加趋势,但对叶绿素a/b的比值则影响不大。在5个施肥水平中,理论施肥的叶片光合能力较强,光合作用中的关键酶RUBP羧化酶活性,以及Mg2 -ATPase、Ca2 -ATPase活性较高,尤其中位叶和上位叶的光合能力较高。     

旱地西红柿种植技术

随着人民生活水平的提高,旱地西红柿种植面积逐年增大,但由于种植技术的缺乏,产量和质量均得不到提高。文章通过多年的研究,对西红柿从育苗、施肥、覆膜种植到管理进行了系统的阐述,有效提高山区人民旱地西红柿的种植水平,增加农民收入。