福建设施葡萄园土壤氮磷钾丰缺状况及垂直分布特征

以福建寿宁高优葡萄示范园区为研究对象,选取了14个代表性葡萄园(坡地6个和平地8个),按照0～20 cm、20～40 cm和40～60 cm深度分层取样,测定土壤氮、磷、钾含量,研究养分的垂直分布特征。结果表明:平地葡萄园土壤氮磷钾含量明显高于坡地葡萄园;调查区内土壤养分具有明显的表层"积聚效应",土壤全氮、全磷及其有效量和有效钾含量随土层深度的增加而增加;除有效磷和全钾在中等以上水平外,其他指标均处于缺素状态,土壤不平衡缺肥现象比较突出。因此,应充分考虑葡萄园所处的地形位置,合理配施氮磷肥,避免盲目过量施用钾肥,通过增施有机肥和补充土壤微生物菌剂,促进被固定土壤养分的重新利用。不仅减少化肥的投入量,还可以避免因养分大量富集而造成的农业面源污染。     

Influence of a grass layer on vineyard soil temperature

Vineyard grass cover can modify soil variables such as temperature and water content, which in turn influence berry quality at harvest. Such effects require further documentation and this study was conducted to determine how a grass layer could change soil thermal behaviour compared to bare soil. Soil temperature, soil water content and net radiation were measured in a Médoc vineyard, Château Talbot (France). The field used for the experiment was divided into two parts, one with a bare ploughed soil and the other with a partial grass cover. The same measurements were taken on both parts. Bare soil temperatures were generally higher, and the difference between the two treatments was greater in the middle of the inter-row, just under the grass layer. Nevertheless, net radiation above the vegetation, which represents the radiative available energy, was the same for the two plots. Soil conduction heat flux (G) was calculated from temperature measurements. Under the grass layer, the horizontal component of G was barely detectable, whereas under bare soil, G was essentially vertical. The grass layer was therefore acting as an insulating layer, preventing exchanges between soil and atmosphere. Soil temperature and thermal behaviour are heavily influenced by soil surface management practices. The field experiment provided a large data set of measurements which will be used to calibrate a heat and mass transfer model.     

Variables Affecting Pheromone Concentration in Vineyards Treated for Mating Disruption of Grape Vine Moth Lobesia botrana

Airborne pheromone concentration in a field is one of the most important variables for the successful application of mating disruption in pest control. In the present paper, we estimated the pheromone concentration with field EAG recordings in vineyards and investigated parameters affecting concentration. Pheromone concentration showed a positive correlation with number of dispensers per hectare (= number of point sources). A twofold increase in the absolute number of dispensers per hectare with a constant number of point sources (two dispensers at the same location) did not significantly affect relative pheromone concentration. Measurements carried out in plots where dispensers had been applied at different heights showed highest relative pheromone concentrations in plots with dispensers at 0.1 m and 1.4 m above the ground. Those concentrations were not significantly different from each other, but were significantly higher than in plots where dispensers had been placed at a height of 2 m. Foliage of grape vines substantially affected the development of high pheromone concentrations. In summer, in vineyards with fully developed leaf canopy, significantly higher pheromone concentrations could be measured shortly after application of the dispensers compared to vineyards in spring with sparse vegetation. The decline of pheromone concentrations after removal of dispensers is significantly prolonged in full vegetation, showing the impact of plant canopy on pheromone concentrations. In contrast, ground cover between the grapevine rows did not significantly affect mean pheromone concentrations.     

Entrepreneurship in Architectural Robotics: The Simultaneity of Craft,Economics and Design

What do Odico Formwork Robotics, RoboFold, Machineous, ROB Technologies and GREYSHED share in common? They are all architectural robotics startups. Jelle Feringa , Chief Technology Officer at Odico, places the phenomenon of the architectural robotics entrepreneur in a historical and cultural context while highlighting the very practical role startups are poised to play in bridging the gap between academic research and industry, by providing the building industry with much needed new software tools.     

Review: soil biological properties as indicators of soil quality in Australian viticulture

Any reduction in soil quality as a consequence of production practices, through processes, such as erosion, salinisation, sodicity, acidity and structural decline, threatens the long‐term sustainability of winegrape production. Monitoring of soil quality is thus needed to identify when degradation is occurring in order to allow management intervention. This review examines the suite of biological indicators available for this purpose and the potential for their adoption as part of a minimum dataset by industry. Physical and chemical indicators are discussed in a companion paper. Many groups of organisms and various biological processes have been used as indicators of soil quality in research programs. There is a lack of consensus, however, on which are the key indicators for extensive monitoring programs, and little information is available on threshold values to aid data interpretation. At present, only soil organic carbon (together with labile carbon), potentially mineralisable nitrogen and microbial biomass can be recommended for measuring the biological aspects of soil quality in Australian viticulture. Although newer molecular methods have been developed to elucidate the community structure and genetic profiles of groups in the soil biota, and thus supplement measurements of microbial biomass, these methods are not readily available through commercial laboratories. Moreover, with the exception of tests for some pathogenic organisms, these measurements have not yet been linked to soil functions influencing grapevine growth and nutrition and so are not suitable for routine monitoring of vineyard soil quality.     

宁夏葡萄园土地整平装置的设计

本文分析了宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄园的现状,针对目前葡萄园的种植和生产管理过程中使用的中耕设备,其只具备除草功能,除草后土地不平整,需要人工平整。为此,在中耕机的基础上设计增加了土地整平机构和覆土装置。以此来提高作业效率,保证葡萄树行间地面与株间地面之间的高度差。     

Positioning narratives of wine tourism websites: a lexical analysis across two different regions

Wine tourism is becoming an increasingly important tourism niche with various regions competing for tourism dollars. It is often assumed that differentiation in the sector is region based. This research investigates the positioning narratives from websites of a sample of top wine tour service firms across the US and Australia. Analysis is undertaken using an innovative methodology that combines computer-based lexical analysis followed by hierarchical clustering on principal components. The research seeks to determine the extent to which identified clusters are region based and whether the positioning narratives on websites can provides useful clusters across regions. Results are reported, implications are discussed, limitations are noted and possible areas for further research are indicated.