强捻棉纱针织产品的性能研究

通过对强捻棉纱针织产品进行服用性能测试，得出强捻纱织物具有良好的服用性能。     

国外农用非织造布覆盖材料的应用

非织造布在现代农业生产中占有重要地位 ,非织造布作为农用覆盖材料在柑橘、草莓、茶叶、花卉、水稻和玉米育苗以及人参栽培等多方面应用较为广泛 ,本文对国外农用非织造布覆盖材料的特点、性能以及应用情况作了介绍     

Microscopic fatigue processes in a plain-weave glass-fibre composite

This paper focuses on the microscopic damage and progressive failure of a composite reinforced by plain-weave glass cloth under tensile fatigue loading. The fatigue process was divided into three stages like that of multi-directional laminates. It was found that the internal damage at each stage (matrix cracks, debonds in the weft, successive debonds in the warp and ‘metadelaminations’ between warps and wefts) occurred near the cross-over point of the fabric. The modulus decay mechanism was explained by considering the progression of this internal damage. From the end of the first stage to the beginning of the middle stage, a characteristic damage state (CDS) (called a ‘meta-CDS’) was observed. It was found that woven composites have a unit area of damage accumulation (called a ‘unit cell’) and the damage of each unit cell and its distribution control the total fatigue damage of the material.     

Mycological and physical parameters for selecting suitable packaging material for pre- and post-irradiation storage of cereal grains in Ghana

Owing to the rough warehouse handling of storage sacks in tropical areas in Africa, a suitable storage sack should not support de novo growth of fungal spores because this would reduce the tensile strength of the packaging material and act as a springboard for infecting grain contents. This paper reports the effect of activity of saprophytic fungi on the tensile strength of jute and woven polypropylene sacks. New woven polypropylene sacks carried lower levels of fungal spores (1.3×10¹ cfu/72 cm²) than jute sacks (3.0×10³ cfu/72 cm²). The natural mould penetration and growth was examined on sections (4×5 cm) of both jute and woven polypropylene after previous incubation at relative humidities of 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 90 and 95% for 10 weeks by placing them on Sabouraud's Agar. There was a significant difference (P = 0.05 level of significance) between the higher penetration of mould growth on jute sacks and that obtained on woven polypropylene sacks. Saprophytic fungi (Aspergillus candidus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. japonicus, A. parasiticus, A. ustus, Fusarium oxysporium, F. moniliforme, Penicillium verucosum var. cyclopium, Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma viride) isolated from jute sacks reduced tensile strength, measured by an Instron Model 1026, by 50–75% after 10 weeks at 90% R.H. Same fungal species on woven polypropylene sacks did not alter the tensile strength. Woven polypropylene sacks did not absorb moisture whilst the moisture content of jute sacks increased by 5.3–6.0% in 10 weeks at 90% R.H. with concomitant increase in mould and yeast counts by 1–2 log cycles. Evidence is presented to show that there was a positive correlation between the final mycoflora on jute sacks and loss in tensile strength. No correlation, however, was found between the total aerobic bacteria on jute sacks and the concomitant reduction in tensile strength. Fungi therefore play a major role in the reduction of tensile strength of jute sacks. Sterilization by gamma irradiation (8.0 kGy) of jute and woven polypropylene sacks did not affect their intrinsic tensile strength. Woven polypropylene sacks therefore have many microbiological and physical advantages over the traditional jute sacks to merit their use for grain storage in tropical areas like Ghana.     

纺织品在农业上的应用和发展

在现代农业中纺织品占有重要地位 ,它的广泛使用大大促进了农业科技的发展。农业纺织品可广泛应用在农田水土保持、排水灌溉、保护植物和促进植物生长、温室大棚 (包括遮阳降温、储能保温材料 )、农用覆盖材料、植物生长基质材料等方面 ,本文将就农用纺织品在一些领域的应用加以介绍。     

The combined effects of curing and environmental exposure on fracture properties of woven carbon/epoxy laminates

This paper concerns a study of the combined effects of curing conditions and environmental exposure on the ultimate properties of two commercial woven carbon/epoxy laminates. Curing parameters (heating rate and applied pressure) were varied so as to obtain six different conditions for each material. Moisture saturation was also achieved by exposing some of the cured samples to environmental conditions of 70°C and 95% relative humidity. Four different tests (tensile, impact, Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture resistance) were therefore performed, and the results obtained on the different materials before and after moisture saturation compared. Neither curing pressure nor heating rate nor moisture absorption were observed to have any practical effect on tensile and impact properties. On the contrary, one noticeable effect was the interlaminar fracture resistance of the laminates. The results are discussed and interpreted in terms of damage formation and stress intensification mechanisms.     

Antimicrobial finishing of regular and modified polyethylene terephthalate fabrics

An effective two-stage method has been developed for imparting antimicrobial properties to regular polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET), polyethylene glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate (PEG-M-PET), R-PET/Cotton blend (R-PET/C) and PEG-M-PET/Cotton blend (PEG-M-PET/C) fabrics. The method consists of partial hydrolysis of the fabrics to create carboxylic groups in PET macromolecules followed by subsequent reaction with dimethylalkylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DMABAC) under alkaline conditions. The reaction conditions such as pH, reaction temperature and time, carboxylic content, and DMABAC concentration were studied. Characterization of the finished fabrics was carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). All the modified PET fabrics showed excellent antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive (Bacillus mycoides), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli), and nonfilamentous fungus (Candida albicans). The achieved antimicrobial functions on the PET fabrics are durable in repeated laundering processes. Even after laundering 10 times the fabrics could still provide more than 85% of its antimicrobial activity against B. mycoides, E. coli, and C. albicans. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

多元羧酸与指甲醌染料交联染棉的结构及性能

为了提高天然染料对棉纤维的染色固色性能,以聚马来酸（PMA）和柠檬酸（CA）为交联剂应用于天然染料指甲醌对棉织物的交联染色。采用FTIR、SEM和XRD分析了染色前后棉织物的表面形态及结构,探讨了酯交联对棉织物性能的影响以及多元羧酸复配交联染色机理。结果表明,染色前后棉织物表面差别不大,各纤维间不粘连;直接染色后的棉纤维表面变化不明显,仅有少量染料附着,而交联染色后的棉纤维表面负载较多的染料导致其粗糙度增加,酯化反应主要发生在纤维的非晶态区。与直接染色棉织物相比,交联染色棉织物的染色深度（K/S）和上染率分别提高了88%和38%;染品的绿光、黄光增加,颜色饱和度提高;摩擦色牢度提高了1~2级;耐洗色牢度提高了1~2级;交联染色后棉织物的折皱回复角（WRA）提高了约60%,UPF值达到了50+,具有优异的抗紫外性能。     

A study on the moisture sorption characteristics in woven sisal fabric reinforced natural rubber biocomposites

Textile biocomposites were prepared by reinforcing natural rubber with woven sisal fabric. Sisal fabric was subjected to various chemical modifications like mercerization, silanization, and thermal treatment. The moisture uptake of the textile composites was found to depend upon fiber content as well as architecture. The mechanism of diffusion in the composites was found to be fickian in nature. The effect of chemical modification of sisal fabric on moisture uptake was also analyzed. Mercerization was seen to increase the water uptake in the composites while thermally treated fabric reinforced composites exhibited lower water uptake. The influence of temperature on water sorption of the biocomposites is also analyzed. The thermodynamic parameters of the sorption process were also evaluated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 416–423, 2006     

苎麻落麻纤维增强热固性树脂复合材料的制备及性能研究

本文介绍了落麻纤维、落麻热压毡、落麻无纺毡制备热固性树脂复合材料的工艺过程;比较了这三种复合材料的力学性能;结果表明,用无纺毡制备复合材料的方法可较大幅度提高纤维含量,能较好地解决落麻纤维在复合材料中的分散问题.