超滤和纳滤集成膜技术纯化蒸汽爆破秸秆木聚糖酶酶解液

为掌握蒸汽爆破秸秆木聚糖酶酶解液的超滤脱色和纳滤浓缩的集成膜技术,研究了两支不同截留相对分子质量的超滤膜脱除色素的工艺,测定了膜通量数据并取样检测色值和还原糖含量,得到脱色率和还原糖回收率,优选一支超滤膜用于脱色;采用截留相对分子质量为150的纳滤膜浓缩超滤工艺的透过液,提高糖液浓度.集成膜工艺的脱色率达到63.6%（对原料液的色值）,总还原糖回收率达到92.1%（对原料液的还原糖）,说明超滤和纳滤集成膜技术可以脱除蒸汽爆破秸秆木聚糖酶酶解液内的色素,提高糖液的浓度,并且膜通量较高.     

Administration of xylo-oligosaccharides improves depressive-like behaviour in mice caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress by altering microbiota composition

Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) is a functional oligosaccharide with prebiotic properties, and could be fermented by gut microbiota. In this study, the modulatory effects of XOS on emotions and behaviours at different dose were investigated based on the mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression. The result showed that 0.23 and 0.50 g kg⁻¹ doses of XOS significantly increased sucrose preference index and decreased the immobility time in tail suspension and forced swimming tests. Meanwhile, the dose of 0.23 g kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ XOS significantly increased the concentration of neurotransmitters, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine and γ- aminobutyric acid. Furthermore, the analysis of the faecal microbiota with XOS intervention showed a higher relative abundance of Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, fewer Desulfovibrio and the SCFA concentrations increased with XOS prevention treatment. These results suggested that the dietary supplementation XOS could improve chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviour by modulating neurotransmitters and reverting gut microbiota changes in mice. These findings present XOS as a potential prebiotic targeting to the gut microbiota for mood disorders.     

麦草碱预提取制备低聚木糖并改善纸浆及黑液性能

利用稀碱蒸煮对麦草进行预提取,对提取液进行纯化、酶解,并外对预提取后的固体物料进行烧碱法蒸煮.分析了提取液、低聚木糖溶液的成分和预提取后固体物料及所制得纸浆的组分含量,考察了纸浆的特性及黑液物化性能,探讨了预提取的作用效果.结果表明,预提取最佳用碱量为4％～6％,低聚木糖得率可达7.22％,聚合度为2.32;后续低碱蒸煮获得纸浆的卡伯值、黏度均与对照纸浆相近,白度、裂断长、撕裂指数和耐折度等均高于对照浆;黑液黏度低于对照黑液,高位发热量高于对照黑液,可达到15MJ/kg 以上.     

超滤膜在低聚木糖脱色和除杂中的应用

该文选用四种超滤膜对低聚木糖液进行脱色和除杂,通过对透过液中目标产物收率、透光和组分的分析,确定了管式超滤膜T-3比活性炭脱色工艺具有优势,且运行平稳,便于操作。     

Optimization of selective acidolysis pretreatment for the valorization of wheat straw by a combined chemical and enzymatic process

The cover image is based on the Original Article Optimization of selective acidolysis pretreatment for the valorization of wheat straw by a combined chemical and enzymatic process by Yong Xu, Jianming Guo, Shizhong Zhang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6251 .

     

高效液相色谱-示差折光法测定保健食品中的低聚木糖

目的建立高效液相色谱-示差折光测定保健食品中的低聚木糖(以木糖计)的方法。方法样品经水提取,在沸水浴中用硫酸水解,用氢氧化钠调成中性后以乙腈+水(70+30)为流动相,通过氨基柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)分离后用示差折光检测器检测,同一样品在水解前后木糖含量的差值即为样品中低聚木糖的含量。结果被测组分浓度(0.30～4.50 mg/ml)与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.999 9);相对标准偏差1.86%～3.80%(n=6),在固体保健食品中加标回收率为90.3%～93.6%和92.6%～98.3%;在液体保健食品中加标回收率为89.0%～97.0%和91.0%～96.0%。结论本方法快速、灵敏、重现性好,适用于测定保健食品中的低聚木糖。     

聚木糖酶处理桉木预水解液制备低聚木糖的研究

以桉木预水解液为原料,首先采用Ca(OH)_2和活性炭处理制备二级处理预水解液,然后采用聚木糖酶酶解制备低聚木糖。探讨了处理过程中聚木糖酶用量、处理时间、处理温度和pH值对二级处理预水解液中聚合度为2～4的低聚木糖(低聚木糖_(DP2～4))含量的影响,并对所制备的低聚木糖产品进行分析与表征。结果表明,聚木糖酶处理桉木预水解液制备低聚木糖的较优工艺条件为:聚木糖酶用量2 U/g、处理时间3 h、处理温度55℃和处理液pH值5.5,在此条件下,经酶处理后所得三级处理预水解液中低聚木糖_(DP2～4)含量为12.22 g/L,与未经过酶处理的二级处理预水解液相比,低聚木糖_(DP2～4)含量提高了67.2%;经过酶处理后三级处理预水解液中低聚木糖_(DP2～4)含量占桉木预水解液中总木糖含量的56.1%。红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重分析(TGA)表明,经过聚木糖酶处理预水解液所制备的低聚木糖中含有部分糖醛酸侧链,且具有较高的热稳定性。     

不同聚合度低聚木糖体外清除自由基活性研究

通过研究不同聚合度的粗低聚木糖(LL、ML、HL)及其中所含的木糖对羟自由基(·OH)清除活性的影响,对纯低聚木糖的平均聚合度与活性间的关系进行了评价。实验结果表明.粗低聚木糖对羟自由基(·OH)具有较好的清除活性。其中。高聚合度的粗低聚木糖(HL)对羟自由基(·OH)的清除活性最显著,IC_(50)约为14 mg/mL.而木糖对羟自由基(·OH)无清除活性,说明纯低聚木糖的平均聚合度越高,清除羟自由基(·OH)作用越显著。对木糖及不同聚合度粗低聚木糖+DPPH自由基进行紫外扫描.探讨纯低聚木糖对DPPH自由基的清除作用,结果表明,木糖及纯低聚木糖对DPPH自由基均没有清除能力。     

低聚木糖生产用里氏木霉木聚糖酶选择性合成的研究现状

对低聚木糖生产用里氏木霉木聚糖酶选择性合成的研究现状进行了较全面的总结和评述。系统地介绍了里氏木霉木聚糖酶的的多样性以及碳源、pH和碳氮比等培养条件对合成内切木聚糖酶和木糖苷酶的影响,提出了调控这些培养条件选择性合成低木糖苷酶活的木聚糖酶的方法。     

Anaerobic digestion of corn silage on a commercial scale: Differential utilization of its chemical constituents and characterization of the solid digestate

The utilization of different chemical constituents of corn silage during industrial-scale anaerobic digestion was determined. Corn silage together with the resulting solid digestate generated during biogas production were collected from an industrial plant during a regular operating period. Moisture, water and ethanol extractives, ash, total nitrogen, starch, cellulose, the monomeric composition of hemicellulose, acid soluble and acid insoluble lignin were measured in both corn silage and corn silage solid digestate. The relative consumption of each component of corn silage during its anaerobic digestion was estimated with reference to acid insoluble lignin. It was assumed that lignin was not digested throughout the process. Starch and large fractions of extractives and acid soluble lignin were digested. In contrast, the digestion of cellulose and particularly hemicellulose were limited (40% and 29% respectively). Of the hemicellulose monomers, xylose was the least digested (20%). The present work shows that the digestate produced by commercial corn-silage anaerobic digestion contains a notable quantity of cell wall polymers. These could potentially be used in biorefinery processes, e.g. ethanol and xylo-oligosaccharide production.