酵母发酵法去除木糖母液中葡萄糖的研究

以木糖母液为原料,采用酵母发酵法去除母液中的葡萄糖。通过单因素分析,对影响去除效果的主要因素进行了研究。利用正交试验筛选出最佳工艺参数。结果表明:母液浓度为12%,调pH值4.5,酵母添加量2%,30℃下发酵6h,葡萄糖的去除率可达96%以上。     

前体氨基酸对热带假丝酵母产谷胱甘肽的影响

以能利用木糖发酵产谷胱甘肽(GSH)的热带假丝酵母突变株CV26为实验菌株,分别研究了添加L-半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸3种前体氨基酸对CV26产GSH的影响。在单因素实验基础上,对3种前体氨基酸的添加进行了正交实验,结果表明:在GSH发酵的12h添加6mmol/L的甘氨酸和2mmol/L的谷氨酸,24h添加3mmol/L的L-半胱氨酸,GSH的产量和胞内含量都有较大的提高,分别达到149.28mg/L和20.43mg/g,比对照组分别提高了51.5%和57.8%。     

酶解玉米芯制备木糖的工艺研究

采用微生物法从玉米芯制取木糖包括原料预处理和酶水解两部分,预处理技术及工艺直接影响酶解的效果。实验确定了适合酶解的预处理方法为减液预处理和稀硫酸条件下的高温预处理,经酶解后木糖的含量分别为21．16％和22．22％。     

Preparation and characterisation of films from xylose‐glycosylated peanut protein isolate powder

This work aimed at producing and characterising xylose‐glycosylated peanut protein isolate (PPI‐X) films by dissolving PPI‐X powder in water at ambient temperature and further plasticising with glycerol. The effect of powder dissolution temperature (20–100 °C) and glycerol concentration (15.0–45.0%, w/w) on mechanical properties and integrity of these films was quantified. The results showed that the powder dissolution temperature had no significant effect on the mechanical and water resistance properties of PPI‐X films within the temperature range tested. With increasing concentration of glycerol, the tensile strength and water resistance of PPI‐X films decreased and elongation increased. The films produced by dissolving the PPI‐X powder at 20 °C and plasticising with 25.0% glycerol had comparable mechanical properties and better water resistance compared to some other plant protein films plasticising with glycerol. The results suggested that PPI‐X films could potentially be used as biodegradable packaging materials.     

不同条件对木糖酒精发酵菌种发酵性能的影响

对从自然界中筛选出一株能利用木糖产酒精的菌株1125-3进行发酵性能的研究,研究了不同条件下自筛菌生长和发酵的规律.自筛菌株定向驯化后对木糖的利用率可达92.92%,酒精得率达12.88%.菌株1125-3的最适生长温度为30℃、pH范围为4.6～5.0;最适发酵温度为37℃、pH为6.0左右,用尿素作为单一氮源,自筛菌1125-53的生长和发酵情况良好.自筛菌的混合糖发酵效果优于单纯木糖发酵,在2.5%葡萄糖与2.5%木糖做混合碳源发酵时,其酒精得率达到了纯葡萄糖发酵水平.     

极耐热性阿拉伯糖苷酶在木糖制备中的应用

阿拉伯糖苷酶作为木聚糖降解的限速酶之一,在植物残体的生物转化、食品加工、饲料工业以及纸浆漂白中具有广泛的应用潜力。实验中选择pET—28a作为表达载体,优化核糖体结合位点RBS与起始密码子ATG间距离,使来自海栖热袍菌(Thermotoga maritima)极耐热性阿拉伯糖苷酶得到高效表达,重组酶蛋白经一步热处理后纯度达到90%以上;木聚糖酶解试验结果表明,阿拉伯糖苷酶和木聚糖酶间存在协同作用;阿拉伯糖苷酶与木聚糖酶和β-木糖苷酶联合水解木聚糖能明显提高酶解产物中木糖含量,因此,开发极耐热性阿拉伯糖苷酶在酶法制备木糖中的应用具有重要的经济效益和社会效益。     

常温酸水解法从稻壳中提取木糖的研究

以较高浓度的硫酸为浸取剂,在常温常压下浸泡稻壳12￣15h,浸出液经中和、蒸发、脱色、离子交换、浓缩、结晶制取木糖。并采用正交实验法研究了常温常压水解条件对木糖得率的影响,最后确定了最佳的水解工艺条件,和以前的常用工艺比较,不但节约了大量的能耗,而且使木糖得率也大幅度的提高。     

Xylose-lysine model systems: The effect of pH on the volatile reaction products

Aqueous molal solutions of xylose and lysine (initial pH 4–9) were refluxed either with control of the pH at 5–0 or without pH control (final pH 2–6). Analysis by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry resulted in the identification of 58 and 28 compounds, respectively, from the two systems. Furans were the main reaction products in both systems and 2-furfural alone comprised 522 and 999 g kg^?1 of the volatiles, respectively, from the systems with final pH values of 5–0 and 2–6. Maintaining the pH at 5–0 resulted in a higher yield and greater numbers of nitrogen-containing compounds, and monocyclic pyrroles, pyridines and 2,3-dihydro-l H-pyrrolizines were identified only in that system. Aliphatic compounds, alicyclic compounds, benzene derivatives. l-(2–furfuryl)pyrroles and pyrazines were also identified. This investigation is the first report of the formation of 2.3-dihydro-l H-pyrrolizines in a model system containing lysine as the amino compound; a possible mechanism is proposed.     

Cloning and sequencing of the ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene from Pachysolen tannophilus

A fragment of DNA from a yeast Pachysolen tannophilus, bearing the ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene (OCTase, EC 2.1.3.3) has been cloned from a genomic library by functional complementation of the Escherichia coli OCT-negative mutant. The gene was located within the cloned segment of DNA and its coding sequence identified by DNA sequencing. This has indicated that P. tannophilus OCT gene encodes a 347 amino acid polypeptide, which shows 60% identity to the homologous Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein. The amino acid composition of its N-terminus indicates that this protein is translocated across the mitochondrial membrane. The gene can be expressed in E. coli as well as in S. cerevisiae. Comparison with other OCTases confirms a high degree of conservation among these proteins.     

在酿酒酵母中共表达sXYLA和XKS1及木糖发酵的初步研究

为改善重组酵母发酵木糖生产乙醇的能力,将定点突变改造后的Thermus thermophilus木糖异构酶基因sXYLA克隆到酵母表达载体pYX212并用于转化酸酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPH499进行表达研究。酶活检测表明,改造后的木糖异构酶活性是未改造的1.91倍。在此基础上将改造后具有良好特性的木糖异构酶基因sXYLA和来自酸酒酵母的木酮糖激酶基因XKS1耦联,构楚得到重组表达质粒pYX-sXYLA- XKS1,在酿酒酵母YPH499中实现组成型共表达。结果表明,在84 h时重组菌发酵液酶活达到最高,木糖异构酶为0.624 U/mg蛋白,木酮糖激酶为0.688 U/mg蛋白。以葡萄糖和木糖为混合碳源初步进行半通氧发酵,代谢产物分析表明酸酒酵母重组菌木糖的消耗为4.75 g/L,乙醇的产量为0.839 g/L,分别比出发菌提高20.9%和14.8%,为酿酒酵母利用木糖发酵乙醇奠定基础。