Xylose-lysine model systems: The effect of pH on the volatile reaction products

Aqueous molal solutions of xylose and lysine (initial pH 4–9) were refluxed either with control of the pH at 5–0 or without pH control (final pH 2–6). Analysis by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry resulted in the identification of 58 and 28 compounds, respectively, from the two systems. Furans were the main reaction products in both systems and 2-furfural alone comprised 522 and 999 g kg^?1 of the volatiles, respectively, from the systems with final pH values of 5–0 and 2–6. Maintaining the pH at 5–0 resulted in a higher yield and greater numbers of nitrogen-containing compounds, and monocyclic pyrroles, pyridines and 2,3-dihydro-l H-pyrrolizines were identified only in that system. Aliphatic compounds, alicyclic compounds, benzene derivatives. l-(2–furfuryl)pyrroles and pyrazines were also identified. This investigation is the first report of the formation of 2.3-dihydro-l H-pyrrolizines in a model system containing lysine as the amino compound; a possible mechanism is proposed.     

嗜单宁管囊酵母木糖酒精发酵的研究

综合利用丰富、廉价且可再生的农作物秸秆资源生产酒精的研究已经渐渐成为全球范围的热点之一。文章研究了嗜单宁管囊酵母木糖酒精发酵的发酵性能,分离、筛选、驯化培养出一株高效木糖酒精发酵菌株 g-13,在最适条件下其木糖酒精发酵的转化率为 0.446 g/g(酒精/消耗的糖),为发酵秸秆纤维水解液中的戊糖生产燃料酒精提供菌种支持。     

强碱树脂在木糖应用中存在的问题及解决方法

木糖是一种在化工、食品等领域有着广泛用途的五碳糖,工业生产是用稀强酸将玉米芯中含有的大量多缩戊糖分解为单个的木糖分子,然后通过离子交换除盐、脱色,精制提取,但在强碱离子交换柱中,木糖分子容易被部分催化异构转化为阿拉伯糖,使得木糖纯度下降,结晶困难。考察了强碱树脂再生浓度、淋洗终点pH值、交换温度以及流速对木糖分子异构的影响,得出最佳的交换工艺条件:再生剂浓度为2%、淋洗终点pH值为7.5、交换温度20℃,流速为1BV/h。     

Anaerobic fermentation of xylose by pichia stipitis: The effect of forced cycling of ph

Xylose fermentation by Pichia stipitis was examined using a two-stage batch process. The cells were first grown aerobically on D-xylose (5 g/L), whereafter additional xylose (10 g/L) was added and fermented during anaerobic conditions (T=30°C). The optimum pH value for a fermentation with constant pH was found to be 4.5 (maximum specific ethanol production rate 0.21 g/(g h). Forced square wave cycling of the pH between 4 and 5, and 3.5 and 5.5 (cycle time 30 min) during the fermentation stage resulted in a fermentation rate lower than the maximum rate, but with unchanged ethanol yields.     

Theoretical examination of the mechanism of aldose-ketose isomerization

Two mechanisms for an aldose–ketose isomerization havebeen examined using high level ab initio and semiempirical molecularorbital methods. The proton transfer pathway via an enediolintermediate is shown to be favored in the absence of a metalion, while the hydride transfer pathway becomes favored in thepresence of a metal ion. Our calculations explain why the protontransfer pathway is operative in most aldose–ketose isomerizationreactions. These calculations also provide further support forthe previously proposed metal ion-mediated hydride transfermechanism for xylose isomerase.     

脱色树脂在木糖脱色中的应用

介绍了脱色树脂在木糖液中的脱色性能，同时提出了脱色树脂脱色的最佳工艺条件。并且脱色树脂应用于木糖液脱色，既简化了生产工艺，又降低了工人的劳动强度，具有较好的现实意义。     

荞麦蛋白-木糖接枝物的制备及性质

通过美拉德反应对荞麦蛋白进行改性,对荞麦蛋白-木糖接枝物的制备及其性质进行研究。在湿热条件下,利用美拉德反应制备荞麦蛋白-木糖接枝物。通过正交试验优化接枝物的制备条件,荞麦蛋白与木糖按1∶5的质量比、在50℃下反应120min,接枝度可达到49.24%。性质测定表明,接枝物的溶解度较荞麦蛋白提高了约25%,乳化性提高了约30%,乳化稳定性提高了约11%。     

利用木糖的耐高温产酒精酵母菌的筛选

从5种土壤和植物叶片上分离到24株酵母菌株。分别对它们的耐高温、木糖利用和产酒精能力进行了测定。从中筛选到4株能在45℃下生长良好，能够利用木糖的产酒精酵母菌株。     

利用酵母菌处理木糖厂生产废水营养条件研究

利用酵母菌处理木糖厂生产废水既能回收菌体又能去除废水中部分COD,是一种处理废水经济有效的方法。但废水COD浓度高,其它营养物相对不足,酵母菌生长缓慢,影响废水的处理效率。通过双质量指标的正交实验探索了利用酵母菌处理废水的氮源、磷源和酵母膏三种营养物质的最佳加入量。结果表明最佳营养条件加入量为：0．3％的尿素＋0．4％的磷酸盐＋0．3％的酵母膏,此条件下的最优工程平均为μCOD=48.1,μ菌＝18．8,对于质量指标1和质量指标2试验真值的95％置信区间分别为（47．2,49）和（18．2,19．4）。     

不同条件对木糖酒精发酵菌种发酵性能的影响

对从自然界中筛选出一株能利用木糖产酒精的菌株1125-3进行发酵性能的研究,研究了不同条件下自筛菌生长和发酵的规律.自筛菌株定向驯化后对木糖的利用率可达92.92%,酒精得率达12.88%.菌株1125-3的最适生长温度为30℃、pH范围为4.6～5.0;最适发酵温度为37℃、pH为6.0左右,用尿素作为单一氮源,自筛菌1125-53的生长和发酵情况良好.自筛菌的混合糖发酵效果优于单纯木糖发酵,在2.5%葡萄糖与2.5%木糖做混合碳源发酵时,其酒精得率达到了纯葡萄糖发酵水平.