Taste recognition threshold concentrations of styrene in oil-in-water emulsions and yoghurts

Taste recognition threshold concentrations (TRTC) of styrene were determined in samples of oil-in-water emulsions (30–300 g kg^?1 oil) and yoghurts (1–30 g kg^?1 fat), spiked with styrene. The observed TRTC increased linearly with increasing fat content and ranged from 0–3 to 2–1 mg kg^?1 for the emulsions and from 36 to 171 g kg^?1 for the yoghurts. Styrene equilibrium partition coefficients between emulsions and their respective vapour phases were determined. The concentrations of styrene in the continuous aqueous phase of the emulsions and yoghurts were calculated at the TRTC. The styrene concentrations in the continuous phase had constant values of about 15 g kg^?1 indicating that perception of styrene for oil-in–water emulsions is determined by the aqueous phase of the emulsion. The concentrations of styrene in the vapor phases above the emulsions and yoghurts were also calculated and were found to be constant at the TRTC. This relationship probably resulted from the equilibrium of distribution of styrene between the respective phases. Commercial yoghurt packed in polystyrene beakers contained styrene levels in the range 2–11 g kg^?1, much lower then the TRTC reported.     

酸乳制品中乳酸菌分离筛选方法研究

将保加利亚乳酸杆菌和嗜热链球菌在七种固体培养基中的生长情况进行比较，结果表明，酸化ＭＲＳ和Ｍ１７培养基分别是该两菌的较好的分离培养基。菌种的筛选应进行产酸风味和组织状态的综合比较，两菌不同组合菌株的选择应结合不同发酵条件进行。通过该方法分离筛选到不同风味类型的两组混菌。     

蛋清蛋白对酸奶品质的影响及工艺优化

为提高酸奶中蛋白质含量,本文以鲜蛋清液和蛋清粉为强化蛋白制作凝固型酸奶,研究蛋清加入对酸奶成分和品质的影响。实验结果表明:鲜蛋清液和蛋清粉的加入使酸奶蛋白质含量分别提高到4.80%和4.30%(p<0.05)。鲜蛋清液酸奶和蛋清粉酸奶的乳清析出量低于对照酸奶(p<0.05),分别为2.8%、2.9%;持水率高于对照酸奶(p<0.05),分别为73.6%、72.9%;质构特性中鲜蛋清酸奶和蛋清粉酸奶的硬度、稠度和内聚性均高于对照酸奶(p<0.05),粘性指数与对照酸奶相比差异不显著(p>0.05)。蛋清液酸奶的适宜工艺条件为:以鲜牛奶为100计,蛋清加入量为鲜奶的12 g/100 m L,白砂糖8.5 g/100 m L,发酵剂接种量1.5 g/100 m L,杀菌条件为80℃,5 min,发酵条件为42℃,发酵6 h。蛋清蛋白的加入不仅提高凝固型酸奶的蛋白质含量,而且改善其品质特性。      

薏苡仁酸奶的流变性及工艺条件的优化研究

实验用复原乳制备薏苡仁酸奶,研究其流变学性质。结果显示,与生鲜乳相比,复原乳酸奶粘度显著提高,但感官性质（口感、色泽、滋味等）下降,持水力也降低。通过均质处理可以提高酸奶的品质,最佳均质压力为20MPa,且当白砂糖的添加量为6%～8%,薏苡仁提取液添加量为4%时,薏苡仁酸奶品质最佳。     

乳清浓缩蛋白在酸奶生产中的应用

以鲜奶，奶粉，乳清蛋白等乳成分为主要原料，研究了乳清浓缩蛋白在酸奶生产中的制做方法，对乳清浓缩蛋白代替部分高档脱脂奶粉生产酸奶产品的保水率，粘度，口感及组织状态进行了比较分析。结果表明，在酸奶生产中，添加一定的浓缩乳清蛋白代替高档脱脂奶粉是可行的，产品较为理想。     

冻干酸奶粉的速溶性及发酵性研究

本文采用冻干法生产酸奶粉,对其速溶性和发酵性等进行了研究,结果发现:冻干酸奶粉具有良好的速溶性,其静置时的润湿下沉时间为76s,最适冲调条件为4～5倍45℃的温水。冻干酸奶粉的活菌数和菌活力分别为7.53×10~8cfu/g和85℉,将冻干酸奶粉作为发酵剂生产酸奶时,3.5hr即凝固且所得酸奶品质良好。     

冷冻型乳酸发酵豆奶的研制

以豆浆为培养基 ,接种保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌工作发酵剂 ,混合发酵 ,再将富含活性菌的发酵豆乳按比例替代冰淇淋中的乳制品 ,经老化、凝冻、速冻的方法制成冷冻型发酵豆奶。     

新型大豆食品——大豆酸凝乳粉的研究

以大豆为原料,用嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌比例1:1之混合菌种为发酵剂,并添加适量添加剂A和B,经喷雾干燥制得的大豆酸凝乳具有与酸牛乳相似的外观和口感,产品得率达92%。本实验确定了制作大豆酸凝乳粉的最佳工艺条件,并经正交实验确定了由大豆酸凝乳粉制备酸凝乳的最佳发酵条件。     

Strained fermented milks – A review of existing legislative provisions,survey of nutritional labelling of commercial products in selected markets and terminology of products in some selected countries

A survey of the information contained in the labels of 109 commercial concentrated fermented milks from the Eastern Mediterranean, Australasia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States of America and Canada plus Skyr (from Iceland), Ymer (from Denmark) and Chakka (from India) was carried out in late 2012 and early 2013. There were substantial differences in composition. The carbohydrate, fat and protein contents ranged between 1–12, 0–20 and 3.3–11 g/100 g, respectively. Considering the compositional data of the product and existing legislative provisions, a typical strained product should have a protein content of ≥8 g/100 and ~5 g/100 g of carbohydrates, and it would be appropriate to name such products as ‘strained yoghurt’, ‘Greek strained yoghurt’ and/or ‘Labneh’. A higher content of carbohydrate would suggest that the product was made using the product formulation method (i.e. without straining the fermentate), or the milk base had been fortified with skimmed milk before straining the fermentate to enhance the yield of the product, and such products should be known, for example, as ‘Greek‐style yoghurt’. It was also observed in some of the samples that the nomenclature of the starter cultures did not conform to recommendations of the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS). Manufacturers could address such issues to minimise consumer confusion.     

保鲜菌种发酵酸乳工艺与品质研究

应用保鲜菌种(HOLDBACTM-YM-C)生产能够控制霉菌和酵母菌生长的新型生物防腐功能的发酵酸乳。通过研究保鲜菌种接种量、酸乳发酵剂量、发酵温度和蔗糖添加量四因素三水平正交试验,以发酵参数、感官评价、pH值变化、活菌数量、质构特征为产品指标获确定生产工艺为:保鲜菌种接种量10DCU/100L、酸乳发酵剂量7.5DCU/100L、发酵温度37℃和添加8%蔗糖,该酸乳同时具有很好的抑菌作用。