ADCP在感潮水文站的使用

感潮水文站河流自然流态在潮水涨、落的影响下,顺逆变化,给流量测验带来很大影响。传统流速仪测量方法,测次多,误差大,为此采用声学多普勒流速剖面仪（ADCP）进行流速和流量的测量。比较了传统流速仪与ADCP测流的优缺点,介绍了ADCP的测量原理、安装、使用,详细分析了ADCP流速、流量比测和率定,并进行评定,以探索定点式ADCP测法在感潮水文站进行潮流量测验的可行性。黄屋屯水文站使用结果说明ADCP比较适用于感潮水文站的流量测验。     

Flow structure through pool‐riffle sequences and a conceptual model for their sustainability in gravel‐bed rivers

Detailed field measurements and simulations of three‐dimensional flow structure were used to develop a conceptual model to explain the sustainability of self‐formed pool‐riffle sequences in gravel‐bed rivers. The analysis was conducted at the Red River Wildlife Management Area in Idaho, USA, and enabled characterization of the flow structure through two consecutive pool‐riffle sequences, including: identification of jet concentration and dissipation zones, and the development of local turbulence features (i.e. vertical and horizontal eddies) under different flow conditions. Three‐dimensional hydraulic simulations were used to evaluate how the flow structure varies across a range of flow conditions and with different degrees of sediment aggradation within the upstream pool. The analysis demonstrated a significant influence of the residual pool depth on the flow structure, with reduced residual depth causing a shift in the orientation of the jet and a reduction in the influence of vertical eddies and the size and intensity of horizontal eddies. The proposed conceptual model seeks to explain the sustainability of pools in terms of the flow structure in pool‐riffle morphology and how this flow structure will change as a result of altered external forcing, such as upstream sediment delivery or changes in bank stability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ADCP与流速仪在洋山港的比测分析

声学多普勒流速剖面仪(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler,缩写ADCP)是1982年国际上发展的一种新的流速测量仪器.该仪器利用声学多普勒原理测量水流速度剖面,具有测验时间短、分辨率高、精度好、资料完整、信息量大的特点,特别适合于流态复杂条件下的测验,与传统的流速仪相比具有更高的测验效率.根据声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)和传统流速仪在洋山港大量比测测验资料,用数理统计方法和公式,对各项比测误差与精度进行统计与分析.分析结果表明,ADCP测验速度快、精度高,具有常规流速仪不可比拟的优越性.     

H-ADCP在流域引江济太工作中的实践

介绍了声学多普勒流速剖面仪（ADCP）的主要工作原理,总结了太湖流域引江济太调水工作的需要,以水平式ADCP（H-ADCP）系统在苏州望亭水文站中的应用为例,对比分析了2009年引水、排水期间H-ADCP和人工监测的数据,总结了H-ADCP的使用特点,比测分析结果说明ADCP测流数据合理准确,可为今后防汛、水资源管理信息化建设提供借鉴。     

ADCP在水下地形测量中的应用

声学多普勒（ADCP）流速剖面仪已成功用于国外的流量自动测量,国内现已开始应用并取得极大成功。由于ADCP在测流过程中无遗漏地连续测量水深,利用这一功能,结合GPS的实时导航和高精度定位,实施水下地形测量拓宽了ADCP的功能。以马宋水库为例,通过对比分析可知：ADCP完全能满足水下地形测量的要求。     

Reynolds stress and turbulence estimates in bottom boundary layer of Fall of Warness

A broadband acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) moored on the seabed at 42 m depth has been used to observe the mean and turbulent flow components in the tidally energetic Fall of Warness channel over two tidal cycles. The Reynolds stress has been estimated from the difference in variance between the along-beam velocities of opposing acoustic beams. Near bed stress at 2.63 m above seabed (mab) exceeds 7.5 Pa at the time of mean flow (speed of ~ 1.3 m s^− 1) while the ebb stresses are limited to ~ 3.31 Pa during the peak ebb, mean, flow of ~ 1.3 m s^− 1. The production of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), P was found to be negative below 2 × 10^− 9 W m^− 3 and up to 6 × 10^− 4 W m^− 3 was estimated during flood flows and decreasing to 3 × 10^− 4 W m^− 3. The TKE dissipation rate ε was estimated by inertial dissipation method (IDM) with the greatest value of 2.43 × 10^− 2 W m^− 3 observed near the seabed around maximum ebb, falling to 5.75 × 10^− 5 W m^− 3 around slack water. The comparison between P and ε was performed by calculating individual ratios of P corresponding to ε using a bootstrap resampling technique. The study shows that the ratio ε/P averaged over whole flood and ebb were found to be ~ 0.4138 and ~ 0.4177, respectively, indicating that production exceeded dissipation. The uncertainties in Reynolds stress estimates due to instrument noise were found to be 3 × 10^− 4 Pa while 4.52 × 10^− 2 Pa can be attributed to the uncertainties due to the increase in the flow-related component.     

多普勒测流仪在瓶窑站的应用分析

多普勒测流仪(ADCP)是当前在水文行业推广的新型测流仪器,瓶窑水文站是较早安装此设备的测站之一.现通过瓶窑站使用ADCP测流数据与传统流速仪测流数据对比,应用回归分析的方法,建立两者之间的关系,分析在瓶窑站使用ADCP测流的可行性.这对减轻测站工作量,提高测验精度,以及推进水文现代化进程具有积极的作用.     

Dynamics and biogeochemical significance of the physical environment in Lake Biwa

We have examined two aspects of the dynamics and biogeochemical significance of the physical environment in Lake Biwa. One is the horizontal distribution of cyanobacteria as it relates to the ‘first gyre’ in the north basin of Lake Biwa. We could easily measure the first gyre using a vessel‐mounted acoustic doppler currents profiler. We were able to quantify the dynamics of the horizontal and vertical structure of currents and water temperature of this gyre. The first gyre did not remain at a fixed position; it moved north and south according to the growth of the gyre. This may play a role in the redistribution of cyanobacteria from place to place in the north basin. The second important environmental dynamic we measured was oxygen consumption rates from 1994 to 2000. We found that the minimum oxygen concentration in the hypolimnion has a clear inverse relationship with the apparent oxygen consumption rates in the 80–85 m depth layer. As a reduction in oxygen concentration in the hypolimnion can have a serious impact on benthic organisms, we concluded that the Lake Biwa environment should be monitored carefully and systematically.     

ADCP在冬季测流中的应用

介绍了ADCP的优点及测量原理。用ADCP有效地解决了某水文站断面与河流流向不垂直及冬季测流的问题。结果表明:①如果不进行流量偏角修正,则流速仪法所测数据同ADCP法测得的数据接近;②流速仪法在测流过程中人为地将流速仪垂直了断面,如果再进行偏角修正,将造成流量偏小;③该站冬季测流时,若使用悬杆测流则不需要进行偏角修正,若采用铅鱼悬吊测流则应该测量流向偏角并对流速进行偏角修正。     

ADCP 定点测流方法应用

ADCP可进行定点测流和断面流量测量,其应用解决了水文测验中库区复杂流况测流的难题,同时也解决了北方河流冬季无法走航的问题。以靖宇核电水文站水文测验为例,着重论述了ADCP定点测流方法在库区流量测量中的成功应用。实践证明,ADCP定点测流数据可信,在复杂流况观测中比传统的机械式流速流向仪取得的测流效果更好。