Optimized PI+ load–frequency controller using BWNN approach for an interconnected reheat power system with RFB and hydrogen electrolyser units

This paper investigates a renewable energy resource’s application to the Load–Frequency Control of interconnected power system. The Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers are replaced with Proportional-Integral Plus (PI+) controllers in a two area interconnected thermal power system without/with the fast acting energy storage devices and are designed based on Control Performance Standards (CPS) using conventional/Beta Wavelet Neural Network (BWNN) approaches. The energy storing devices Hydrogen generative Aqua Electroliser (HAE) with Fuel cell and Redox Flow Battery (RFB) are incorporated to the two area interconnected thermal power system to efficiently damp out the electromechanical oscillations in the power system because of their inherent efficient storage capacity in addition to the kinetic energy of the generator rotor, which can share the sudden changes in power requirements. The system was simulated and the frequency deviations in area 1 and area 2 and tie-line power deviations for 5% step- load disturbance in area 1 are obtained. The comparison of frequency deviations and tie-line power deviations of the two area interconnected thermal power system with HAE and RFB designed with BWNN controller reveals that the PI+ controller designed using BWNN approach is found to be superior than that of output response obtained using PI+ controller. Moreover the BWNN based PI+ controller exhibits a better transient and steady state response for the interconnected power system with Hydrogen generative Aqua Electroliser (AE) unit than that of the system with Redox Flow Battery (RFB) unit.     

基于Ptolemy的自适应巡航系统建模与仿真

信息物理融合系统( CPS)是计算、通信与控制技术的融合,汽车自适应巡航控制系统是一种典型的CPS,具有广泛的应用前景。通过建立汽车纵向行驶的数学模型,并基于CPS给出自适应巡航控制系统的结构,设计系统的状态机模型。基于Ptolemy分别设计前车、测量距离和本车的计算模型,构建系统的层次模型,在子模型中采用模态模式对基于时间的模型与状态机模型相结合的混合系统行为进行建模。仿真结果表明,该方法能满足自适应巡航控制系统的要求,保证系统的安全性。     

基于蚁群算法的分布式CPS系统任务调度设计

针对CPS系统中资源和任务的复杂性,同时为了保证CPS系统资源管理和任务调度的快速性、准确性和有效性,构建了分布式CPS系统结构模型,并设计和实现了基于蚁群算法的资源分配策略,在算法中设计了局部和全局信息素更新规则,将资源管理、任务调度和执行相结合,同时兼顾网络的负载平衡问题和服务质量问题.利用Matlab对基于蚁群算法的分布式CPS系统任务调度策略进行了仿真实验,实验结果证明该策略缩短了整体任务调度的总完成时间,并随着任务数的增加,任务时间缩短的效果更加明显.     

Control 5.0: From Newton to Merton in Popper's Cyber-Social-Physical Spaces

The future of control in cyberspace of parallel worlds is discussed. It argues for the coming age of Control 5.0, the control technology for the new IT capable of dealing with artificial worlds with VR, AR, AI and robotics. The discipline of automation needs a new interpretation of its core knowledge and skill set of modeling, analysis, and control for cyber-socialphysical systems, and a paradigm shift from Newtonian Systems with Newton's Laws or Big Laws with Small Data to Mertonian Systems with Merton's Laws or Small Laws with Big Data.      

物联网软件技术发展新趋势研究

阐述了CPS、物联网、RFID、智慧地球、无线传感网、云计算等相关的概念,阐述了不同技术和概念的定义、由来、目前的发展以及将来的发展趋势。最后,结合上海的现状,分析了"十二五期间"(2011-2015)关于物联网、智慧地球等方面的发展可以借鉴的策略与对策。     

基于CPS的协议识别优化算法

目的：自美国将CPS的发展列为重点研究项目,引起了各国广泛的关注。不同于传统的系统,在通信方面,CPS融合了大量的异构网络,其规模远大于现有的控制网络。为提高对协议识别的效率和准确度,并对其进行分类,系统中大量数据传输带来的网络拥堵是我们要解决的主要问题。方法：基于网络流的特征,提出了对协议进行识别的变精度粗糙集的权值计算法和决策构造优化算法。结果：基于变精度粗糙集算法协议识别算法,其准确率可达98.7%。结论：基于变精度粗糙集的决策算法相较于普通决策算法,其识别准确度更高、更容易实现。     

基于人工智能的CPS系统架构研究

随着计算机技术、通信技术、传感器技术和自动化控制技术的日益成熟,信息物理融合系统开始在世界范围内出现。基于人工智能构建CPS系统,将信息物理融合系统拟人化,设计应用智能体实现人工神经元功能,云计算实现对应神经元的大脑反射区,多智能体通过总线广泛相连使得系统活灵活现。将基于人工智能产生式CPS系统架构应用到智能建筑环境测控系统中,这在将来智能建筑的发展中是必不可少的,符合未来智能建筑产业精神,也是本文研究意义所在。     

互联电网控制性能标准下自动发电控制策略的选择

正确选择互联电网控制性能标准(CPS)下的自动发电控制(AGC)策略不但能提高电网频率质量，而且能减少机组正常运行时的调节工作量。作者对比了A系列标准与CPS标准下的AGC调整幅度，从CPS规定出发，提出了两类针对CPS的AGC控制策略的基本形式，分析了不同控制策略之间的差异。     

CPS在线计算的递推算法

在北美电力系统可靠性协会(NERC)提出的电力系统控制性能标准(CPS)CPS1和CPS2的在线计算问题中，对各种数据求取相应时间段的平均值是在线计算的重点。分析了常用平均算法的动态特性，以一个两区域互联系统为模型，讨论了平均周期的选择对CPS计算结果的影响，即平均周期过大时，ACE的平均值将仅体现电力系统的静态特性，由一、二次调频等所引起的动态特性将被滤掉。并针对常用平均算法，数据存储量大，计算速度慢的不足之处，给出了递推平均算法及相应的改进的递推平均算法，即用数字低通滤波器来实现同样的目的。改进算法具有数据存储量小。易于编程且计算开销显著减小的特点。     

A functional correspondence between call-by-need evaluators and lazy abstract machines

We bridge the gap between compositional evaluators and abstract machines for the lambda-calculus, using closure conversion, transformation into continuation-passing style, and defunctionalization of continuations. This article is a followup of our article at PPDP 2003, where we consider call by name and call by value. Here, however, we consider call by need.We derive a lazy abstract machine from an ordinary call-by-need evaluator that threads a heap of updatable cells. In this resulting abstract machine, the continuation fragment for updating a heap cell naturally appears as an ‘update marker’, an implementation technique that was invented for the Three Instruction Machine and subsequently used to construct lazy variants of Krivine's abstract machine. Tuning the evaluator leads to other implementation techniques such as unboxed values. The correctness of the resulting abstract machines is a corollary of the correctness of the original evaluators and of the program transformations used in the derivation.