The control of sea lice in Atlantic salmon by selective breeding

Sea lice threaten the welfare of farmed Atlantic salmon and the sustainability of fish farming across the world. Chemical treatments are the major method of control but drug resistance means that alternatives are urgently needed. Selective breeding can be a cheap and effective alternative. Here, we combine experimental trials and diagnostics to provide a practical protocol for quantifying resistance to sea lice. We then combined quantitative genetics with epidemiological modelling to make the first prediction of the response to selection, quantified in terms of reduced need for chemical treatments. We infected over 1400 young fish with Lepeophtheirus salmonis, the most important species in the Northern Hemisphere. Mechanisms of resistance were expressed early in infection. Consequently, the number of lice per fish and the ranking of families were very similar at 7 and 17 days post infection, providing a stable window for assessing susceptibility to infection. The heritability of lice numbers within this time window was moderately high at 0.3, confirming that selective breeding is viable. We combined an epidemiological model of sea lice infection and control on a salmon farm with genetic variation in susceptibility among individuals. We simulated 10 generations of selective breeding and examined the frequency of treatments needed to control infection. Our model predicted that substantially fewer chemical treatments are needed to control lice outbreaks in selected populations and chemical treatment could be unnecessary after 10 generations of selection. Selective breeding for sea lice resistance should reduce the impact of sea lice on fish health and thus substantially improve the sustainability of Atlantic salmon production.     

北斗三星无源定位技术

介绍了北斗双星定位系统的特点、功能、系统组成和工作原理,说明了北斗有源定位方式在应用方面的局限性。针对北斗有源定位方式不能无线电静默,和人们对具有无线电隐蔽性的卫星定位的需求,详细介绍一种北斗三星无源定位技术:包括工作原理、实现方法、定位精度分析和目前达到的定位精度。阐述了北斗三星无源定位技术的优点和应用形势。     

基于随机分析和概率预测的固定式海洋平台结构风险评估研究

对极端海况进行了环境荷载的联合概率分析。引入了整体不确定性和敏感性分析理论,利用非正态过程、具有不同相关性的多变量随机模拟技术,求解结构的失效概率。提出结构失效分析的新方法,并利用DNV提供的历史数据,对结构失效的后果做了适当分析。以埕北12-C井组平台为实例,对平台甲板高程(Air Gap)失效分析进行了实例计算。结果表明,使用多维联合极值分布理论及相应的求解方法,是离岸工程结构物风险评估的重要手段。     

珠江口门海堤堤型的选择

珠江口站地区面临南海、大陆岸线长４５７ｋｍ，遭受洪水。潮汐、台风的影响，河口滩涂 发育迅速，以约１００ｍ／ａ的速度向大海延伸。随着沿海地区的经济发展，滨海－２ｍ高程以上的滩涂的４万ｈｍ＾２正在和将要建堤围垦和开发利用，原有海堤也亟待加固提高，因此，对珠江口门坝有海堤堤型资料进行收集、整理，分析总结，选择经济可行的海堤堤型，具有重要的现实意义。文中收集了珠江口门的几种主要堤型，通过对各种堤基工程地质     

Shape-Controlled Synthesis and Upconversion Luminescence of Y2O3:Yb, Er Microstructures

The Y2O3: Yb3 , Er3 microstructures were fabricated by a hydrothermal method without surfactants.The microstructures structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM,KYKY 1000B).The up-conversion luminescence spectra were studied under 978 nm laser diode excitation.In Yb3 and Er3 codoped Y2 O3 microcrystals, the relative intensity of green emission became stronger as the morphology of sample changed from wires to films.     

东海盆地西南部地质特征与油气分布探讨

本文根据近3×10~4km地震和13口探井及其它地球物理、地质等方面资料,综合分析认为:东海盆地西南部与盆地其它部分在发育演化、构造运动、沉积环境等方面差异甚大。 盆地西南部(杭州湾—冲绳岛断裂以南地区)发育演化经历了断陷—坳陷—隆起—铺盖四个阶段。始新世末期的隆起在研究区演化史上有15～20Ma的沉积间断、剥蚀。这段历程,盆地其它部分未曾经历。其次是区内始新世末期抬升运动,致使始新统及以下老地层受剥蚀,仅始新统最大剥蚀量达1000m,这是盆地内绝无仅有的。第三是第三纪以海相沉积环境为主,特别在始新世,为海侵高潮,海城宽阔达8000km~2,这时盆地东北部正接受陆相沉积。研究区中部(北东向)可能存在超压泥岩及多套生油岩系,应为有利生油气区。研究区可能是盆地最有油气远景地区之一。     

Application of Fuzzy Control into a New Kind of Sea Water Still

ＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＦｕｚｚｙＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｉｎｔｏａＮｅｗＫｉｎｄｏｆＳｅａＷａｔｅｒＳｔｉｌＱｕＷｅｉｄｏｎｇＹｕＪｉｎｄｉＺｈａｎｇＨｅｆｅｉＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＰｏｌｙｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＸｉ′ａｎ７１００７２，Ｐ...     

Ce3+离子对掺Er3+碲酸盐玻璃光谱性质的影响

研究了Ce3 + 对掺Er碲酸盐玻璃荧光光谱性质的影响 ,比较了不同的Ce3 + 掺杂浓度下Er3 + 离子荧光发光强度的变化 ,分析了Ce3 + 离子对Er3 + 离子作用的原理 ,应用经典方程计算了Er3 + 离子 4I1 1 / 2 能级的荧光寿命及其变化     

台湾东北近海冬季上升流的数值模拟研究

该文利用已发展的三维斜压数值模式,模拟了冬季台湾东北近海上升流结构和空间分布。结果表明,冬季黑潮水在台湾东北海域向陆架入侵的同时,还伴随着强烈的上升流运动;从台湾北部的基隆近海经台湾东北角近海到宜兰海湾,存在3个上升流中心,量级为30~40×10-3cm s-1左右;在台湾东北近海最大上升流流速位于海底,约50×10-3cm s-1量级,并可直达海面。     

海流涡激效应对钻井隔水导管疲劳强度的影响

钻井隔水导管是从海上钻井平台下到海底浅层的套管,在海上钻完井过程中起着非常重要的作用。在深水海域,由于隔水导管泥线以上长度的增加,海流对钻井隔水导管疲劳强度影响作用加剧,从而影响隔水导管的使用寿命。开展海流涡激效应对钻井隔水导管疲劳强度影响研究,能够为钻井隔水导管尺寸和材料选择提供科学依据。文中对隔水导管进行了力学分析,将隔水导管受力模型简化为下部固定,上部简支的梁模型来分析。利用流体阻尼及流体涡激力理论模型,计算海流作用下涡激效应对于隔水导管疲劳强度的影响。结合南海某海域的海况资料,对海上钻井隔水导管的疲劳强度和使用寿命进行了分析和校核,给出了该海域合理的隔水导管尺寸。通过研究得出:随着水深的增加,海流对隔水导管的涡激效应会逐渐加强,对隔水导管疲劳强度影响加剧。