双轴向列相Fréedericksz转变的Monte Carlo模拟

通过Monte Carlo方法研究了在磁场诱导下的双轴向列相液晶的Fréedericksz转变,在模拟的过程中采用了London色散力近似。考虑3种不同的排列方式,通过改变3个分子轴的磁化率和磁场方向,讨论了9种不同的Fréedericksz转变并分别给出了相应的阈值磁场,通过计算机的模拟实现了短轴u和v的转变,长轴w和短轴u的转变以及长轴w和短轴v的转变。模拟结果表明,在给定假设的情况下满足单一弹性常数近似。研究结果对发展双轴液晶显示器件有一定的理论指导意义。     

X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopic studies of MeV proton irradiated graphite

Poly-crystalline graphite samples were irradiated using 2.25 MeV H⁺ ions with a fluence of 2 × 10¹⁷ ions/cm². Magnetic ordering in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite samples have been reported earlier under the similar irradiation conditions [Esquinazi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 227201]. In that study, the authors attribute the observed irradiation induced magnetic ordering to the formation of a mixed sp²-sp³ hybridized carbon atoms. In the present study, we report the X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopic studies on pristine and irradiated samples. Irradiated samples are found to show an increased number of sp³ hybridized carbon atoms. However, the Raman spectrum, specially the second order data, do indicate that the nature of the graphene lattice structure has been preserved in the irradiated samples. The mechanisms for the irradiation induced enhancement in sp³ hybridization are discussed.     

Advanced TEM characterization of stress corrosion cracking of Alloy 600 in pressurized water reactor primary water environment

Advanced transmission electron microscopy techniques were carried out in order to investigate stress corrosion cracking in Alloy 600 U-bend samples exposed in simulated PWR primary water at 330 °C. Using high-resolution imaging and fine-probe chemical analysis methods, ultrafine size oxides present inside cracks and intergranular attacks were nanoscale characterized. Results revealed predominance of Cr₂O₃ oxide and Ni-rich metal zones at the majority of encountered crack tip areas and at leading edge of intergranular attacks. However, NiO-structure oxide was predominant far from crack tip zones and within cracks propagating along twin boundaries and inside grains. These observations permit to suggest a mechanism for intergranular stress corrosion cracking of Alloy 600 in PWR primary water. Indeed, the results suggest that stress corrosion cracking is depending on chromium oxide growth in the grain boundary. Oxide growth seems to be dependent on oxygen diffusion in porous oxide and chromium diffusion in strained alloy and in grain boundary beyond crack tip. Strain could promote transport kinetic and oxide formation by increasing defaults rate like dislocations.     

虎奶菇菌丝体胞外多糖深层发酵培养基的优化

研究了营养性因子对虎奶菇菌丝体深层发酵的影响,结果表明蔗糖、马铃薯、蛋白胨和酵母膏有利于胞外多糖的形成。进一步的正交优化实验确定了虎奶菇多糖深层发酵的最佳培养基组成(g/L)为∶蔗糖2 g/100 mL,马铃薯25 g/100 mL,蛋白胨0.2 g/100 mL,酵母膏0.2 g/100 mL。     

山洪演进模拟中的建筑物附加阻力

在大尺度洪水模拟过程中,建筑物形态分布对洪水演进起着很重要的作用.但是计算网格一般都大于建筑物,很难反映出建筑物对洪水的影响.在以往的研究中,一般采用“等效糙率”来反应建筑物对水流演进的影响.这一处理方法过于简单随意,缺乏理论依据.本文引进了最邻近指数来反映建筑物的分布,研究建筑物的不同分布对水流产生的不同影响,最后得到最邻近指数、弗如德数和水面坡度三者之间的关系,为以后在数学模型中对建筑物分布的处理提供了理论依据和处理方法.     

消力戽在低佛氏数水流中的应用

结合左江水利枢纽的兴建时消力戽进行了研究和实践，介绍低佛氏数水流特点和低佛氏数水流消能工的研究现状，左江工程的运行资料证明消力戽应用于低佛氏数水流消能是成功的。     

合肥盆地金寨油浸砂岩的地球化学特征

该文对合肥盆地金寨油浸砂岩的宏观岩石学、有机岩石学和有机地球化学特征以及油源进行了研究。油浸砂岩发现于合肥盆地南部中侏罗统三尖铺组(J2s)地层中,为长石砂岩,油多沿细层(纹层)或层面浸染;有机质呈分散沥青或油滴状充填于孔、缝中;有机碳(C)、氯仿沥青"A"含量低,这与油气迁移以及后来遭受氧化、生物化学作用有关;有机质母质以水生生物、藻类为主,属腐泥型,为还原环境的湖泊沉积;有机质演化已达成熟阶段,油源可能来自三尖铺组的烃源岩。舒城凹陷为合肥盆地油气勘探的有利区带。     

缓坡条件下掺气坎后空腔长度的试验研究

掺气坎后空腔长度是检验掺气效果的一项重要指标,主要受掺气坎体型(即坎高和挑角)、水力条件、空腔内负压以及空气阻力等因素影响。通过物理模型试验研究了缓坡条件下水槽底坡、掺气挑坎体型对空腔长度的影响,弗氏数Fr、雷诺数Re、韦伯数We三者分别与空腔长度的关系,并分析了缓坡条件下空腔长度随Fr波动这一试验结果产生的原因。最后运用杨永森公式对空腔长度进行了计算,并分析了计算值与试验值之间的误差和相关性。研究成果可为优化掺气设施设计和完善计验算经公式提供参考。     

斜墙式消力坎不同出流的试验研究

目的——初步研究斜墙消力坎对整个水流流态的规律和随坎倾角的变化在消能方面的变化规律;方法——根据重力相似性原理,设计和制作了三种陡坎水泥模型,通过对在一定水流条件下斜墙式消力坎的消能情况的单项试验研究,对比了不同角度下消力坎的消能原理和消能效果;结论——试验证明,斜墙式消力坎的倾角越大,消能率越大,同时收缩端面处的回漩流速也更大.     

酿酒酵母与糖化酵母原生质体的形成与再生

对影响酿酒酵母及糖化酵母形成与再生的因素——菌龄、酶浓度、温度、酶解时间、预处理剂的浓度和作用时间及渗透压稳定剂的选择做了初步的研究，确定了原生质体形成与再生的最佳条件：菌龄为13～15h，0．1％β-巯基乙醇作用10min；在30℃下，2．0％的蜗牛酶酿酒酵母、糖化酵母酶解1．0h；配制酶解液时渗透压稳定剂采用0．8mol／LKCl，而在稀释及配制再生培养基时则采用0．53mol／L蔗糖。