Sustainability assessment of dwellings – a comparison of methodologies

Building sustainability assessment tools (BSATs) aim to promote and rank the sustainability of building stock. This paper makes a deep comparative analysis on how dwellings are evaluated by five BSAT and one performance-based design tool. The comparison is based on: (i) the purpose of assessment; (ii) sustainability dimensions considered; (iii) indicators addressed; (iv) life cycle phases considered by the indicators; (v) type of indicators; (vi) measurements; (vii) aggregation processes; and (vii) life cycle phases during which the assessment was carried out. The evaluation showed that the scope of BSAT varies significantly as well as the life cycle phases addressed in the assessment. Financial issues are often excluded from the assessment. None of the schemes is totally quantitative or qualitative in their measurement system; all have different types of indicators and different ways to assess them. This research provides researchers and stakeholders with important inside knowledge on the tools that allow the development and construction of more sustainable buildings.     

《绿色建筑评价标准》和《LEED认证标准》电气对比浅析

本文对《绿色建筑评价标准》和LEED中新建公共建筑部分的电气内容进行了简单对比分析。了解两标准的差别,既能使我们在申请绿色建筑认证时做到心中有数,又能助于我们做好借鉴国外和符合国情的绿色设计。     

《绿色建筑评价标准》和《LEED认证标准》电气对比浅析

本文对《绿色建筑评价标准》和LEED中新建公共建筑部分的电气内容进行了简单对比分析。了解两标准的差别,既能使我们在申请绿色建筑认证时做到心中有数,又能助于我们做好借鉴国外和符合国情的绿色设计。     

Do ‘green’ buildings have better indoor environments? New evidence

A post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of 12 green and 12 conventional office buildings across Canada and the northern United States was conducted. Occupants (N = 2545) completed an online questionnaire related to environmental satisfaction, job satisfaction and organizational commitment, health and well-being, environmental attitudes, and commuting. In each building on-site physical measurements at a sample of workstations (N= 974) were taken, including: thermal conditions, air quality, acoustics, lighting, workstation size, ceiling height, window access and shading, and surface finishes. Green buildings exhibited superior performance compared with similar conventional buildings. Better outcomes included: environmental satisfaction, satisfaction with thermal conditions, satisfaction with the view to the outside, aesthetic appearance, less disturbance from heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) noise, workplace image, night-time sleep quality, mood, physical symptoms, and reduced number of airborne particulates. A variety of physical features led to improved occupant outcomes across all buildings, including: conditions associated with speech privacy, lower background noise levels, higher light levels, greater access to windows, conditions associated with thermal comfort, and fewer airborne particulates. Green building rating systems might benefit from further attention in several areas, including: credits related to acoustic performance, a greater focus on reducing airborne particulates, enhanced support for the interdisciplinary design process and development of POE protocols.

Il a été mené une évaluation après occupation (POE) de 12 immeubles de bureaux verts et 12 immeubles de bureaux classiques répartis à travers le Canada et le nord des Etats-Unis. Les occupants (N?=?2545) ont rempli un questionnaire en ligne portant sur la satisfaction environnementale, la satisfaction au travail et l'implication organisationnelle, la santé et le bien-être, les attitudes environnementales, et les trajets réguliers. Dans chaque immeuble, des mesures physiques in situ sur un échantillon de postes de travail (N?=?974) ont été effectuées, comprenant : les conditions thermiques, la qualité de l'air, l'acoustique, l'éclairage, la taille des postes de travail, la hauteur de plafond, l'accès aux fenêtres et leur occultation, et les finitions de surface. Les bâtiments verts ont affiché des performances supérieures par rapport aux bâtiments classiques similaires. De meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus concernant la satisfaction environnementale, la satisfaction à l'égard des conditions thermiques, la satisfaction à l'égard de la vue sur l'extérieur, l'aspect esthétique, la diminution des perturbations liées aux bruits provenant du chauffage, de la ventilation et de la climatisation (CVC), l'image du lieu de travail, la qualité du sommeil nocturne, l'humeur, les symptômes physiques, et la réduction du nombre de particules en suspension dans l'air. Différentes caractéristiques physiques ont conduit à une amélioration des résultats pour les occupants dans tous les immeubles, concernant notamment les conditions liées à la confidentialité des conversations, les niveaux inférieurs de bruit de fond, les niveaux de luminosité plus élevés, l'accès accru aux fenêtres, les conditions associées au confort thermique, et le nombre moindre de particules en suspension dans l'air. Les systèmes de notation des bâtiments verts pourraient bénéficier d'une plus grande attention apportée à plusieurs domaines, s'agissant en particulier des crédits relatifs aux performances acoustiques, d'un accent accru sur la réduction des particules en suspension dans l'air, d'un soutien renforcé en faveur du processus de conception interdisciplinaire et du développement de protocoles POE.

Mots clés: performances des bâtiments, bilan environnemental, bâtiments verts, environnement intérieur, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), satisfaction des occupants, évaluation après occupation     

绿屋面系统对比研究

本文对欧洲和北美绿屋面系统的分类方法进行了介绍,对生态屋面与普通屋顶花园在建造成本、资源占用、对城市生态环境的影响等多方面进行了对比,提出应根据绿建筑评估标准(LEED)来进行绿屋面选型,并加强生态屋面系统技术的基础研究工作。     

从生态设计的角度解读绿色建筑评估体系——以CASBEE、LEED、GOBAS为例

以CASBEE为主,通过对日本的CASBEE、美国的LEED和中国的GOBAS三个绿色建筑评估体系在核心理念、评分方式和评估结果表达三个方面的比较分析,期望能对建筑各专业工作者的绿色设计有所帮助。还从设计工作的角度对三个评估体系进行了阐释,在问题与期待中指出了绿色建筑评估体系未来的发展方向———面向设计型绿色建筑设计手册。     

LEED评估体系的设计指导和应用局限研究

本文根据LEED评分原则，系统总结了LEED评估体系对于设计指导的内容，并且分析了LEED评估体系在中国的从技术方面和运作机制方面的应用局限。     

圭亚那乔治敦某五星级酒店暖通设计

详细介绍圭亚那乔治敦某五星级酒店空调系统在负荷计算、设备选型、空调系统自控、防排烟设计、LEED认证等设计情况。     

Office layout affecting privacy,interaction, and acoustic quality in LEED-certified buildings

The study investigated differences in worker satisfaction and perceived job performance regarding privacy, interaction, and acoustic quality issues in personal workspaces between five office types in LEED-certified buildings. It finds that people in high cubicles showed significantly lower satisfaction and job performance in relation to visual privacy and interaction with co-workers than both enclosed private and enclosed shared office types. They also showed significantly lower satisfaction with noise level and sound privacy and lower job performance perceived by acoustic quality than enclosed private, enclosed shared, and bullpen types. The bullpen type, open-plan office without partitions, presented significantly higher satisfaction with noise level and higher performance perceived by acoustic quality than both high and low cubicles. Considering the bullpen type also showed higher satisfaction with sound privacy than the high cubicle type, high partitions don't seem to contribute to creating workspaces where people can have a secure conversation. The bullpen type didn't show any difference from the enclosed shared type in all privacy, interaction, and acoustic quality questions, indicating it may be a good option for a small office space instead of the enclosed shared type.     

绿色医院建筑评价体系的研究

绿色医院建筑是将可持续发展理念引入医院建筑领域的结果。近年来我国医院建设进入高潮,急需建立一套完整的绿色医院建筑评价体系,用来有针对性地对中国的医院建设做出科学的指导。重点对美国的医疗建筑绿色指南(GGHC)与能源与环境设计先导(LEED)以及我国《绿色建筑评价标准》与美国LEED进行分析比较,以借鉴国际先进经验,建立一套适合我国国情的绿色医院建筑评价体系。