我国放射性物质运输概况

本文介绍了我国放射性物质运输概况(除台湾省外)。目前,全国放射性物质货包的年运输最约10万件,总放射性活度为1.8PBq,运输的放射性同位素主要是~(131)I、~(32)P 和~(198)Au 等。承运人员的年剂量当量是相当低的,一般小于5mSv。由于十分重视放射性物质的安全运输,所以没有发生过严重事故。文中还讨论了放射性物质运输中的防护问题。     

Capture of Airborne Particulate Using Surface Applied Emulsions: Potential for Postdetonation Dirty Bomb Cleanup

Recent research has proposed the use of asphalt and tall-oil-pitch emulsions for stabilizing radioactive contamination deposited on surfaces in urban areas. The objective of this project was to investigate whether surface applied emulsions could capture airborne radioactive particulate. Laboratory experiments included wind-blown particulate capture studies using an acrylic column and particulate retainment experiments using a wind box capable of producing wind speeds of 96?km/h. A probe methodology was developed to relate particulate retainment to a tack force on the emulsion surface. Experiments were also performed to determine the potential for such emulsions to absorb particulate matter into their emulsion matrix. Tall-oil-pitch emulsions outperformed asphalt emulsions in terms of particulate retention, tack force, and the ability to absorb magnesium silicate. Both tall-oil-pitch and asphalt emulsions were capable of extracting 22–24?g?m?2 of powder from particulate-laden airflow. Tall-oil-pitch emulsions were capable of retaining as much as 5–10% of magnesium silicate powder applied (i.e., retainment densities of 10–20?g?m?2) even after seven?days of curing and after applying 96.5?km/h (60?mph) wind. Tall-oil-pitch emulsions were able to absorb surface-applied magnesium silicate (approximately 0.1–0.2?g of magnesium silicate per 1.0?g of emulsion within three?days) into their emulsion matrix, preventing the magnesium silicate from being exposed to the external environment. Initial results with these five different emulsion formulations suggested particulate capture was feasible. Future emulsion formulations (i.e., longer curing times with greater acid concentrations) should be tested to optimize this postdetonation response strategy.     

粘土作为高放废物处置回填材料的可行性研究

本文以西北粘土为对象,对其压实行为、热传导、膨胀特性,以及吸附和渗透性能进行了初步研究,借以探讨西北粘土在高放废物处置中用作回填材料的可行性。试验表明,以西北粘土为基材,经过适当的热改性和吸附改性,在初始含水量约为9%,于70MPa 下成型,用作高放废物处置中的回填材料是可行的。     

微机核子秤在大型尿素装置中的应用

介绍了大型尿素装置中微机核子秤的系统构成，测量原理、安装、调校及在调试过程中发现的问题。     

我国核工业废放射源安全管理

废放射源易于在管理上失去控制，从而酿成事故，对人类和环境造成危害。本文分析了我国废放射源产生的原因，介绍了我国核工业废放射源的现状与安全管理的技术路线和策略，提出了当前所面临的主要问题。     

油田放射性作业人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的观察

本文调查了油田212例受γ射线和中子混合辐射照射的作业人员和30例正常人的外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变。作业人员受γ射线照射的人均年受照剂量为1.28mGy。调查结果表明,放射性测井人员与正常人相比染色体畸变率有显著差异。     

EFFECT OF THE RATIO Th/U ON TL DATING ACCURACY

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＴＨＥＲＡＴＩＯＴｈ／ＵＯＮＴＬＤＡＴＩＮＧＡＣＣＵＲＡＣＹ￥Ｐ．Ｌ．Ｌｅｕｎｇ（梁宝鎏）；ＭｉｃｈａｅｌＪ．Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｈｙｓｉｃｓａｎｄＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ，ＣｉｔｙＰｏｌｙｔｅｃｈｎｉｃｏ...     

Leaching kinetics of Cs and Co radionuclides fixed in cement and cement-based materials

Leach characteristics of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co radionuclides from both ordinary Portland cement and cement mixed with two different ratios of silica fume and ilmenite have been studied using International Atomic Energy's (IAEA) standard leach method. A mathematical model has been simulated to predict the release rate of each nuclide from cubic geometry waste matrix and the predicted values are discussed in relation to experimentally observed leach rates to confirm the validity of the proposed mechanism in the model. The effect of temperature on the radionuclides leaching rates was also studied and the effective diffusion coefficients were obtained at different temperatures. The net fractional release of the two radionuclides from different waste forms showed a decreasing pattern as ¹³⁷Cs>⁶⁰Co, indicating the largest diffusion coefficient for cesium in all waste matrices.