物料在竖直管道中的流动和堵塞原因分析

介绍了竖直管道中气力输送物料过程各种不同参数的关系以及物料在管道中发生堵塞的原因，给出了预测堵塞发生的计算方法，为物料气力输送系统的设计提供了一些借鉴。     

壅塞空化器设计及其处理污水的可行性研究

在分析直管中气液两相混合流的壅塞空化现象,射流泵发生极限工况时的壅塞空化现象,经过倒角的圆柱管在定常和非定常流动下的壅塞空化现象,在阶梯圆管中的稳态绝热闪蒸流中的壅塞空化现象的基础上,提出了一种新型的空化器——壅塞空化器;通过采集分析空化噪声和处理模拟污水(苯酚溶液)的实验,对壅塞空化器在污水处理应用中的可行性进行了初步研究。实验结果表明:壅塞空化器模拟处理污水的效果较好,其空化能量比振荡腔喷嘴高,从而为国内外研究空化发生器开辟了一条新途径。     

Choking Phenomena of Gas‐Powder Flows at Sonic Velocity

Choking phenomena of gas‐powder flows in a horizontal constant cross‐section duct are experimentally studied using three kinds of powders: Al₂O₃, hollow Al₂O₃ (H‐alumina) and Al, with different physical properties such as densities, specific heat capacities and thermal conductivities. The relationship between the mass flowrate and inlet stagnant pressures is analysed and the apparent sonic velocity (ASV) of gas‐powder flows is defined. The influences of physical properties of powders on the ASV are obtained by the comparison between the experimental results of different powders. Two characteristic parameters, the effective specific heat capacity (ESHC) of solid phase and the effective isentropic exponent (EIE) of the mixture, are defined to describe the choking phenomena. The ESHC is not only measured through experiment but also calculated by numerical method. The calculated results are well consistent with the measured ones. As a preliminary application test for choking phenomena ‐ in order to uniform the pulverized coal injection (PCI) into a blast furnace ‐, a model PCI system with two branch pipes was set up and tests were carried out to verify the choking effect. The test results show that, during choking, the PC flow rates in the branch pipes can be well equalized no matter how much the downstream conditions differ from each other.     

Quantifying police officers' arrest and self-defence skills: Does performance decrease under pressure?

This study investigated police officers' performance on five selected arrest and self-defence skills that are regularly used in the line of duty. In Experiment 1 a 5-point scale to measure skill performance was developed and tested with 14 police instructors. Results showed that the new scale has satisfactory inter-rater reliability and good intra-rater reliability. In Experiment 2, the external and concurrent validity of the scale was tested by measuring the performances of 19 police officers executing the same skills in a high- and a low-pressure environment and comparing the results obtained with the new 5-point scale with results obtained with a currently used binary scale (i.e. sufficient/insufficient). While the scale proved to have good external and concurrent validity, it appeared that the police officers' performance really suffered under pressure. Given the criticality of successful police performance, it is suggested that incorporating psychological factors (e.g. pressure) in training procedures may enhance performance.     

圆盘空化器超空泡形态三维数值模拟研究

基于结构化网格,运用N-S方程及k一ε湍流方程对均质流场求解,引入修正的Rayleigh-Plesset方程模拟空泡问题。对三维圆盘空化器在不同空化数下进行超空化流动数值模拟,将仿真结果与经验公式进行对比,二者具有良好的一致性。并且解决了带攻角圆盘空化器生成超空泡的数值模拟问题,详细分析了带攻角圆盘空化器生成超空泡的形态特征,总结了带攻角圆盘空化器与无攻角圆盘空化器的优缺点,为优化超空泡形态,实现高效减阻提供了参考依据。     

头支撑下空化器外形对通气超空泡的影响

目前,空化器外形对超空泡形态的影响研究都是在空化器前的流场未被干扰时进行的,当水洞试验因采用头部支撑方式而影响了空化器前的流场时,通气超空泡形态随空化器外形的变化规律尚不明确。本文应用计算流体力学(CFD)仿真软件FLUENT,参照头支撑下通气超空泡生成的试验模型,建立了随空化器直径、连接杆直径和空化器锥角变化的仿真模型。在通气量一定的情况下,通气超空泡的长度和长径比随头支撑连接杆的增大而增大,随空化器直径的增大而减小,随空化器锥角的减小而增大,并深入研究了空化器外形对空泡尺寸的影响规律,为水洞超空泡试验在头支撑方式下空化器外形的设计提供参考。     

Stereotype threat and working memory: Mechanisms, alleviation, and spillover.

Stereotype threat (ST) occurs when the awareness of a negative stereotype about a social group in a particular domain produces suboptimal performance by members of that group. Although ST has been repeatedly demonstrated, far less is known about how its effects are realized. Using mathematical problem solving as a test bed, the authors demonstrate in 5 experiments that ST harms math problems that rely heavily on working memory resources--especially phonological aspects of this system. Moreover, by capitalizing on an understanding of the cognitive mechanisms by which ST exerts its impact, the authors show (a) how ST can be alleviated (e.g., by heavily practicing once-susceptible math problems such that they are retrieved directly from long-term memory rather than computed via a working-memory-intensive algorithm) and (b) when it will spill over onto subsequent tasks unrelated to the stereotype in question but dependent on the same cognitive resources that stereotype threat also uses. The current work extends the knowledge of the causal mechanisms of stereotype threat and demonstrates how its effects can be attenuated and propagated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

通气超空泡临界通气率的水洞试验分析

形成通气超空泡所需的通气量是设计试验的一个重要参数,适当的通气量才能形成形态可控且减阻的理想超空泡.表征通气量的无量纲参数是通气率,形成超空泡的最小通气率称为临界通气率.在可连续通气水洞中对航行体缩比模型进行了通气超空泡试验,通过改变水洞工作段的来流速度和压力、模型比例和空化器等因素,获得了一系列不同形态的通气超空泡,分析了影响通气超空泡临界通气率的因素.     

水下射弹的空泡形态特性研究

基于Rayleigh-Plesset方程的单一介质可变密度混合模型,建立了水下射弹空泡流动的多相流CFD模型,对水下运动射弹的空泡特性进行了数值模拟,将数值仿真结果与试验数据进行了对比,数值计算与试验结果符合较好.在此基础上,计算了零攻角条件的不同头形空化器及相关参数变化的水下射弹空泡形态特性,分析了空化数、头形、半锥角、空化器直径等对水下射弹运动形成空泡形态的影响.研究结果为进一步研究水下射弹的空泡运动提供了理论参考.     

抗高压脉冲高稳定度灯丝电源

着重讨论如何解决当某大功率装置的大电流开关动作时,灯丝电源装置抗30kV的高压反馈脉冲的冲击问题,通过抗高压和强电流冲击的设计,以低压电源为大电流开关的灯丝提供高稳定度的电源输出;以高压隔离变压器来隔离高压触发反馈脉冲通过电源对周围仪器的影响;用扼流圈来阻遏反馈高压峰电流的流入,有效地减少了大功率装置放电后的瞬时强电流对灯丝加热电源的损害;在高压强流环境中,为大电流开关灯丝的加热提供了可靠的抗高压强流的直流加热电源。