分层水库曝气诱导内波特性及消减分层效果

水温分层是深水型水库水质内源污染的主要诱因。针对现有消减水温分层技术的高能耗问题,尝试利用扬水曝气器的周期性出流作为扰动源,在气水两相流条件下诱导产生内波。基于模型水库水温垂向密度剖面的历时信息,计算水库内波的特征参数,分析内波的特性及其消减水温分层的效果。当曝气量为50~200 L/h、跃温层温度梯度为0.34~0.49℃/cm时,在特定条件下能产生内波,内波的波幅在跃温层浮力频率最小处最大。随曝气时间推移,内波的能量逐渐耗散,波幅逐渐减小,内波有破碎趋势。随曝气量减小,内波的特征参数值的总趋势是先逐渐增大到极值,再逐渐减小。随温度梯度增大,内波周期有减小趋势,波速、波长、波幅则相反。内波特性受温度梯度影响较大。在本中试条件下,相对传统的循环水流混合,内波混合可使消减分层的效率提高25%~60%。     

Thermal destratification of cryogenic liquid storage tanks by continuous bubbling of gases

This paper focuses on thermal destratification and pressurisation inside thermally stratified storage tanks by continuous gas bubbling. The primary purpose of doing these studies is to better understand the effect of bubble dynamics on thermal destratification and quantify the extent of destratification. The volume of fluid and interface compression method of OpenFOAM CFD code is utilised for the present analysis. Different values of inlet gas velocities (V_g), orifice diameters (d_o), and arrangement of the orifices in triangular and square fashion with different pitches (p/d_o) are considered. In addition, the effect of gravitational forces (g/g_e) on thermal destratification is also reported. For all these cases, the effectiveness of thermal destratification is quantified in terms of a newly defined parameter, the destratification index (I_d). For V_g = 1 m/s, the I_d value is maximum compared to lower V_g values. It is seen that when the gas velocity increased from 0.3 m/s to 1.0 m/s, the average effectiveness in thermal destratification (I_davg) and pressure at the ullage increased by 44.38% and by 64.81%, respectively. The I_davg and pressure at ullage increased by 96.29% and 14.91%, respectively, when the g/g_e ratio changed from 0.3 to 3. Compared to the triangular arrangement with p/d_o = 10, the calculated I_davg increased by 30.67% when gas inlets were arranged with a square pitch of 10. For p/d_o = 4, 6 and 8, the increments in I_davg are of the order of 12.86%, 19.43% and 21.92%, respectively, for gas inlets arranged in a square fashion as compared to the triangular arrangement. It is found that continuous bubbling with gas inlets arranged in square pitch p/d_o = 10 gives higher effectiveness in thermal destratification. Thus, by these studies, one can develop a thermal destratification mechanism with continuous bubbling for optimum performance. Also, these studies give an overall idea of sparger design for getting the correct gas flow rate for thermal destratification within the cryogenic liquid storage tanks.     

Water Quality Improvement at Salford Quays

T he REDUNDANT S alford DOCKS on the Manchester Ship Canal are being redeveloped into a blend of commercial, residential, and amenity facilities under the initiative of Salford City Council. An essential requirement for the success of the project is the provision of a water quality that is both aesthetically pleasing and compatible with a variety of water contact sports. The paper outlines the holistic programme that has been undertaken to improve the heavily polluted, and eutrophication susceptible, dock waters. The remedial programme has involved a combination of dock impoundment, plant nutrient exclusion, and the installation of'Helixor'mixing/ aeration equipment. The most significant water quality improvements have been enhanced visual appearance, reduction of the levels of bacteria, organic matter and nutrients, and the suppression of algal growth.