Rural electrification: The institutional dimension

The institutional aspects of rural electrification programmes are often given much less attention than their importance warrants. In a number of important ways, rural electrification is in conflia with the primary concerns of the utilities mandated to implement it. Resolving this dilemma requires a separation of functions, with the agency responsible for rural electrification being given substantial autonomy. The range of institutional options for achieving this is wide and the choice should be tailored to the local context ana programme objectives.     

智能建筑弱电技术的研究

通过对智能建筑弱电技术中的电线/电缆导管的敷设、电气照明安装、工程中的冲突以及弱电系统的施工计划等问题的研究,总结了智能建筑弱电技术中的综合布线系统、计算机网络系统、子系统间接口方面、母线的安装、弱电设备功能以及配电装置等技术问题的解决要点。所述内容对智能建筑整体运行和安全管理以及电气施工安装的质量监控等具有较强的参考价值。     

分布式企业级电气化监控和能量管理系统(E3CS)

结合智能电网的需求和大型工业企业的能量管理现状提出企业级电气化监控和能量管理系统（Enter-prise Electric Energy Control System,E3CS）的设计方案.利用基于嵌入式技术的一体化智能测控和保护装置对广域分布在生产区域的各个用电能耗设备进行信息采集和智能控制;基于电力企业CIM扩展企业级公共信息模型ECIM,采用可伸缩矢量图形SVG格式显示企业电网接线图,实现图模一体化管理的企业数据平台;在掌握了工业企业完整的能量消耗信息后,在企业层面或者区域能量监测中心层面实现系统级的能量分析和优化节能.     

Electric cooperatives and the political economy of rural electrification in Africa: Insights from Uganda

Rural electrification is a crucial process of enhancing the modern energy access of rural communities which is an important global development goal. Electric cooperatives have played an important role as drivers of rural electrification worldwide, both historically and contemporaneously. The emerging role of cooperatives in rural electrification is yet to be examined in the context of East Africa, a region that experiences serious infrastructure deficits alongside widespread rural poverty. This study adopts a political economy perspective to explore the roles and challenges of cooperatives in rural electrification in Uganda. Through a high-level case study of two electric cooperatives, we show that while the cooperatives can deliver rural electrification, they face a series of political and economic challenges in fulfilling their mission. To enhance rural electrification through cooperatives, the challenges should be addressed by policy solutions: (1) providing more support to rural households that cannot afford electricity; (2) providing further support to cooperatives to avoid overburdening the community; (3) enhancing investment to upgrade the grid and extend its geographical coverage; and (4) exploring new financial and technological options for rural electrification. We expect the findings of this study to be useful to policymakers, implementers, cooperatives, and international donors currently working in rural electrification in Africa and beyond.     

中国农村能源发展关键问题

近年来,中国农村能源供应保障能力不断增强,能源结构调整成效明显,但是也存在一些问题：农村废弃物能源化利用率低制约了资源综合利用和环境保护,农村能源消费层次低和电气化水平不高制约了城乡快速融合发展和农村地区能源消费升级,农村能源社会化服务体系建设滞后制约了农村能源有效供给和高效服务的社会公平。针对中国农村能源发展面临的问题和挑战,聚焦农村生活用能,梳理分析了中国农村能源发展基本情况。针对中国国情的特殊性和不同区域具体特点,通过对农村废弃物能源化利用、农村能源电气化应用、农村能源服务体系建设等关键问题研究,提出了促进中国农村能源科学发展的措施建议。     

推进水电大建设服务经济大发展——遂昌县"十一五"农村电气化建设成就

十一五期间,遂昌县以水电农村电气化建设为契机,大力发展农村水电,取得了辉煌成绩,五年共新增农村水电装机容量11.548万千瓦,占全部已投产农村水电总装机容量23.42万千瓦的50%,新增年发电量2.9亿千瓦时,占总发电量5亿千瓦时的60%,建成的众多电站水库,也较好的调节了径流的时空分配,提高了全县的防洪抗旱能力.同时不断完善电网结构,供电可靠性和供电能力得到很大的提升,当地群众的生活水平有了较大的改善,也保护了生态环境,经济、社会、生态效益十分显著.     

电气和自动化在工程实践中的相互交融

从技术的发展趋势论述了电气与自动化在工程实践中的关系,指出电气与自动化将互相嵌入、完全融合为一体,工程实践活动将紧密围绕整个系统所体现的电气的智能化、自动控制的彻底分散化、网络的扁平化和开放化而进行.     

更换220kV线路直线杆双串绝缘子专用卡具的制作

通过对220kV线路直线杆双串绝缘子的更换过程和工作机理进行分析研究,找出了该带电作业项目中存在的问题,研制了一种220kV线路带电作业新工具,并通过实验,验证了该套工具的实用性。     

Energy poverty and perceptions of solar power in marginalized communities: Survey evidence from Uttar Pradesh,India

The decreased cost of solar electricity generation has given a boost to rural energy markets, but most off-grid businesses remain small. A larger customer base is a precondition for business expansion and access to finance. This article reports findings from a large survey focused on energy access in unelectrified habitations in the Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh, India. While most villagers are dissatisfied with their kerosene lighting and the median monthly expense for this fuel is 100 rupees (USD ∼ 1.66), the data analysis also indicates that there is little trust in local companies and a large number of villagers prefer government leadership in electricity supply. These findings suggest that solar entrepreneurs must do more to demonstrate the quality of their products and services to villagers to expand their customer base.     

A review of the potential benefits and risks of photovoltaic hybrid mini-grid systems

Photovoltaic hybrid mini-grid systems (PVHMS) are expected to play a major role in facilitating rural electrification in the developing world, however these systems still face significant barriers to adoption. The technology occupies a middle ground of electrification options – between traditional network extension and individual home systems, possessing elements of each yet also their own distinctive characteristics. Given this, and their relatively limited application to date, such systems are the focus of a growing body of literature. This work has highlighted a range of potential benefits and risks associated with the technology. However, there still hasn't been a comprehensive review of these documented benefits and risks; an understanding of which is crucial for informed project investment and implementation decision making. This paper presents a preliminary review of the existing literature to identify claimed and demonstrated benefits and risks. The most commonly identified benefits are those that are easy to measure: reduced cost and provision of improved electrical services. Other benefits such as the social or environmental benefits are less commonly demonstrated, but are frequently claimed. The major risks identified included incorrect system sizing due to load uncertainty, challenges related to community integration, equipment compatibility issues, inappropriate business models and risks associated with geographical isolation. For all of these types of risks, associated mitigation strategies were also identified in the literature. Further research including industry surveys and additional case studies will be required to validate what has been observed in the literature to date, and identify progress as the technology matures, costs fall and stakeholders learn from these previous experiences.