南方红壤区不同类型植物篱治理崩岗效益研究

针对南方红壤区(粤东山区)崩岗侵蚀的特点,在工程治理的基础上,配置不同类型的植物篱进行崩岗快速整治。近3 a的试验结果表明,植物篱辅助治理崩岗,土壤渗透速率最大可提高5.1%,径流量最大可减少17%,土壤侵蚀模数最大可减少53.5%,并在改善土壤理化性状、提高植被覆盖度和增加生物多样性等方面均有良好的效果。     

Introducing two landscape components from Turkey: Irim and Kesik

A very particular set of landscape components, namely the irim and the kesik, found in the peri-urban rural area called Karabaglar, are considered. This area is in the contiguous land of the city of Mugla, in southwestern Turkey, and is administered by its municipality. It has a rural character, yet also includes summerhouses for the inhabitants of the city. Physical resemblance of the irim and the kesik to the hedgerow suggests similar functions, but a closer look reveals that they have a wider range of features and aspects. Functioning not only as a marker of agricultural land sub-divisions, they also play an important role in the hydrology of the area. While their specific traditional features can be used in designed landscapes, the intention here is, first, to introduce the irim, the kesik and the very special setting offered by Karabaglar, which are now under the pressure of urban encroachment. A comparison with the hedgerow is nevertheless useful in order to better understand related aspects and features.     

Effects of long-term fertilization and mulch on soil fertility in contour hedgerow systems: A case study on steeplands from the Three Gorges Area,China

The use of contour hedgerows is widely advocated to sustain crop production and reduce soil loss on steeplands in the Three Gorges Area of China. However, little is known about the effects of soil management on soil fertility within these systems, or about the spatial gradients in soil nutrients that may develop in terraces formed behind the vegetative barriers. Therefore, we carried out a study on the effects of various long-term soil management practices on soil fertility and spatial variation of fertility between hedgerows. At a site in the Three Gorges Area, China, we applied five treatments to a contour hedgerow system: control (no fertilizer and manure); chemical fertilizer (CF); chemical fertilizer and mulch (CF + MU); pig manure (PM); and mulch, pig manure, and chemical fertilizer (CF + PM + MU). Soil samples were collected from the topsoil horizon (0–20 cm) of the selected five treatments in 2006 after 11 crop cycles, and physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The results showed that chemical fertilizer clearly improves nutrient status of the topsoil, while pig manure also increased the amount of soil organic matter. This increase in organic matter was associated with an increase in soil aggregate stability, a reduction in bulk density, and reduced penetration resistance of the soil. Mulch with pig manure and chemical fertilizer was the best management practice for improving soil quality and crop yields in the Three Gorges Area. Further, mulch and pig manure addition also decreased the magnitude of the spatial variation, but did not offset the soil fertility gradients because tillage resulted in significant movement of soil. More favorable soil properties were found at the lower positions within each alley, regardless of the management practice applied.     

Introducing two landscape components from Turkey: Irim and Kesik

A very particular set of landscape components, namely the irim and the kesik, found in the peri-urban rural area called Karabaglar, are considered. This area is in the contiguous land of the city of Mugla, in southwestern Turkey, and is administered by its municipality. It has a rural character, yet also includes summerhouses for the inhabitants of the city. Physical resemblance of the irim and the kesik to the hedgerow suggests similar functions, but a closer look reveals that they have a wider range of features and aspects. Functioning not only as a marker of agricultural land sub-divisions, they also play an important role in the hydrology of the area. While their specific traditional features can be used in designed landscapes, the intention here is, first, to introduce the irim, the kesik and the very special setting offered by Karabaglar, which are now under the pressure of urban encroachment. A comparison with the hedgerow is nevertheless useful in order to better understand related aspects and features.     

等高植物篱模式下土壤物理性质变化与水土保持效果研究进展

等高植物篱模式就是在坡耕地上每隔4~8m的距离沿等高线将植物篱与作物种植带相间分布的一种农林复合经营模式,用于坡耕地的水土保持。已有的研究结果表明,等高植物篱技术用于坡耕地可有效地改善土壤物理性质和土壤水分状况,防治坡耕地水土流失效果显著,土壤水分的季节性再分配也有利于农作物的生长。但是该系统内植物篱和农作物相互之间的水分和养分关系有待深入研究。     

基于Atmega168绿篱修剪机器人的设计

设计了一种基于Atmega168单片机控制系统的园林绿篱修剪机器人,以步进电机为核心的执行级控制系统,描述了修剪机器人的硬件和软件设计方法及过程.在软件设计上,采用模块化子程序的思想,详细明确地划分逻辑功能模块,提供统一控制参数,对绿篱修剪机器人机械臂上的步进电机参数进行了分析.通过实验分析表明,所设计的控制系统能达到修剪执行的要求,对不同关节位置的参数调整能够实现不同高度及位置的修剪,通过对路径的设定能够实现自动化控制修剪,具有一定的应用价值.     

生态绿篱加固工程在百色水利枢纽业主前方营地的应用

利用生态绿篱加固工程主要物种香根草根系发达的特性 ,在 2～ 3个月的较短时间内形成高密度的生物墙体和生物网络 ,达到固土保水、防止浅层滑坡的目的 ,同时具有绿化环境的生态效益     

Interdisciplinary Analysis of Hedgerow Network Landscapes' Sustainability

Hedgerows with pollarded trees are still emblematically shaping many agricultural landscapes in Western Europe; they are part of our heritage but their future is uncertain due to the enlargement of fields and loss of firewood use. As a consequence the sustainability of these agricultural landscapes is questioned. We studied changes in hedgerow management in a long-term ecological site in Brittany, France with an interdisciplinary approach. Importance, spatial distribution and relationship with the agricultural system have been assessed over 11 years in three contrasted hedgerow network landscapes, while management practices and farmers' perception were studied from an anthropological point of view. Two apparently opposed trends were found: first, an apparent decrease in the interest of farmers for hedgerows witnessed by the diminishing of the rate of pruning; second, changing attitudes of farmers not necessarily toward hedgerow abandonment but rather toward the production of novel shapes for pruned trees.     

基于CA-Markov模型的植物篱坡面土壤侵蚀状况的动态模拟研究

基于3个种植植物篱的试验小区和2个对照小区在3次降雨条件下的土壤侵蚀状况,将降水、坡度坡长、植物覆盖类型、土壤可蚀性K值作为影响因子输入,利用Markov模型和CA相结合的方法分别对5个小区的水土流失情况进行了模拟预测,并对结果以及引起误差的原因进行了分析.观测和模拟的结果表明,植物篱可以显著地减少坡面土壤流失量,并且不同植物篱作用不同,香根草的水土保持作用优于新银合欢,同时香根草在10°小区的作用大于它在15°小区的作用.     

丘陵区果园篱壁栽植行向与冠间距研究

在丘陵区篱壁栽植的果园中,行向随坡向而变化,为了满足一定的光照条件,树冠间距也因地面坡度而不同。本文利用天文三角公式计算北纬40°地区春、秋分点太阳在不同时刻的位置,同时计算树体的影长,并确定其影长系数,依太阳方位角与影长系数的关系绘出影顶线图。然后根据设计的行向,利用影顶线图求得在不同地面坡度情况下的树冠间距。其中南坡、南北行向时,树冠间距应为d=h.ctga.sinA.cosi;东坡~北东（NE）45°范围坡向、南北行~南东（SE）45°行向时,d=d1-Δd=h.cosA1.（tgt2-tgt1）/[1＋tgi.ctg2α.sin（A2-A1）].cosφ。算例结果验证了模型的可行性。