Interstate forensic psychology consultations: A call for reform and proposal of a model rule.

Forensic psychology has made important gains in professional recognition and stature in the courts, resulting in increasing demands for mobility of expertise. Current regulations regarding the interjurisdictional temporary forensic practice of psychology, however, are characterized by variability of regulations, ambiguity and inaccessibility, and continuing total barriers. A uniform, well-reasoned policy is needed. A conceptual basis for such a policy is provided by a discussion of licensing rationales and the application of these to forensic practice. Uniformity, public and professional protection, and practicability are identified as fundamental regulatory criteria. A Model Rule Regarding the Temporary Forensic Practice of Psychology is proposed for adoption by state licensing boards on a nationwide basis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Test Accommodations for Postsecondary Students: The Quandary Resulting From the ADA's Disability Definition.

Legal wrangling precipitated by the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) has resulted in courts adopting a narrow view of disability. This narrow categorical disability definition is in conflict with current mental health and educational practice that presumes an inclusive view of disability. Test accommodations for licensing exams based on learning impairments provide an example of the conflict generated by legal versus mental health views of disability. Mental health practitioners often support test accommodation requests for students who do not meet the ADA's strict threshold for disability determination. Mental health practitioners must understand the ADA definition of disability, and test organizations need to examine goals and alter standard practice in a manner that is fair and equitable independent of learning impairments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Graduated driver licensing program component calibrations and their association with fatal crash involvement

Graduated driver licensing (GDL) programs are specialized licensing systems for beginner drivers adopted in all U.S. states, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. GDL programs reduce novice drivers’ exposure to high-risk driving situations while they gain driving experience. Several studies document the success of GDL programs overall in reducing young teen crash rates. However, little is known about which specific components of these programs (e.g., nighttime driving restrictions) and which calibrations of these components (e.g., 10 PM, 11 PM, 12 AM, or 1 AM), are associated with the largest crash reductions. The goal of this study was to identify the GDL component calibrations associated with the largest reductions in fatal crash involvements for 16–17-year-olds. Driver fatal crash involvements for all U.S. states from 1986 to 2007 were analyzed using Poisson regression models to estimate the association of various GDL component calibrations with 16- and 17-year-old driver fatal crash incidence, after adjusting for potential confounders. We found clear evidence that (a) a minimum learner permit holding period of 9–12 months and (b) a passenger restriction allowing only one teen passenger for 6 months or longer are the calibrations for the learner permit holding period and passenger restriction components associated with the largest reductions in 16–17-year-old driver fatal crash involvements. Additionally, the data suggest that (a) disallowing learner driving until age 16, (b) disallowing intermediate licensure until age 16½ to 17, and (c) a nighttime driving restriction starting at 10 PM or earlier are the calibrations for these components associated with the largest reductions in 16-year-old driver fatal crashes. There was no clear evidence to support particular calibrations for supervised driving hours or unrestricted license ages.     

APl000主管道的国产化试制和制造许可证审评

描述了APl000主管道的制造技术要求，对国内近期APl000主管道热段的研制情况进行了综述，介绍了目前APl000主管道制造许可证的申请和颁发情况。     

The External Sourcing of Technological Knowledge by US Pharmaceutical Companies: Strategic Goals and Inter-organizational Relationships

This study of the organization of the discovery function by large US pharmaceutical companies (LPCs) examines an important knowledge acquisition strategy—external sourcing of compounds and technologies. Through a critical examination of the “capabilities” thesis in strategic management and of the theoretical conceptualization in organization studies of innovation networks, we undertake an in-depth qualitative analysis of the network relationships LPCs establish with biotechnology firms/public research laboratories. We additionally examine the motivations and degree of strategic intent of R&D managers involved in external knowledge sourcing. The paper identifies the tensions and contradictions in network relationships and indicates how these lead to changes in knowledge sourcing. This qualitative analysis is placed in its industry and technology context. This reveals both the pressures towards and the trends in external knowledge sourcing, as compared with in-house discovery. Extensive interviews with US LPCs and biotechnology firms provide a rare glimpse of how some of the most important actors in global innovation networks handle a significant new innovation strategy.     

An empirical survey on psychological testing and the use of the term psychological: Turf battles or clinical necessity?

The issue of who, in addition to psychologists, is actually qualified to administer, score, and interpret psychological testing has been a matter of ongoing debate for decades. With the advent of licensing laws for other mental health professionals (e.g., professional counselors, marriage and family therapists, social workers), many professionals now contend that their laws permit them to utilize psychological testing, provided that they have the appropriate training and experience. This article presents a discussion of the issue of psychological testing as well as the adjoining issue of who is permitted to use terms such as psychologist and psychological. The results of a survey that was conducted, to which a response was received by every psychology licensing board in the United States and Canada, indicate that of all 62 jurisdictions, 61 restrict the use of the terms psychologist and psychological to those who hold a valid license to practice psychology. Of the total sample polled, 67.2% indicated that their jurisdiction prohibits other licensed professionals from conducting psychological testing. A discussion section highlights some of the exceptions, along with the dilemmas and future concerns regarding this topic and potential remedies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

知识产权许可的反垄断分析

知识产权许可是实施知识产权的最主要方式，有助于权利人实现效益最大化，但它也具有潜在的垄断性，可能阻碍知识创新和危害竞争。文章在阐明知识产权许可与反垄断关系基础上，对若干具体知识产权许可行为进行反垄断法律分析，认为对知识产权许可进行反垄断法律规制时，需要考虑各方面因素的影响，并权衡其对创新的激励效果和对竞争的限制影响。     

The question of psychologists' maltreatment by state licensing boards: Overcoming denial and seeking remedies.

The state and provincial boards that regulate the practice of psychology may regularly engage in a variety of investigative and enforcement practices that fail to provide due-process protection for accused psychologists. Because psychology regulatory boards operate under administrative law, rather than under civil or criminal law, familiar due-process protections may be considered unnecessary, or they may be perceived to be antithetical to the mandate of these boards to protect the public. Examples of board practices that bypass due-process protection are provided. An agenda is offered to state psychological associations to monitor the actions of their state psychology boards, to independently investigate complaints by members of unfair board practices, to offer support to members facing licensing complaints, and to propose appropriate legislative remedies for unfair board practices in their respective states and provinces. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Hermon Wilkes Martin (1892–1997).

Memorializes Hermon Wilkes Martin, a pioneer of psychology in the South. Martin taught at Emory University for 40 yrs and led the formation of the Georgia Psychological Association. He was instrumental in the move to license psychologists and shepherded the inaugural bill to create the Georgia State Board of Examiners in Psychology through the state legislature in 1951. In addition, Martin founded the Howard School for children with attention deficit disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Current practices for establishing environmental flows in Brazil

This paper addresses current practices adopted by Brazilian states for establishing environmental flows. At the national level, the newly created National Water Agency has not yet recommended a standard practice. Confronted with the requirement to grant or deny water rights to users, states have set minimum instream flows using low flow frequency analysis. However, efforts are currently being made to include ecological variables in the decision‐making process. One difficulty with the process is the dearth of information regarding instream flow needs for Brazilian species and recreation. International experience on setting environmental flows is valuable, but care must be taken in its application to the Brazilian reality. Finally the authors express their views on the directions that Brazilian regulatory agencies are likely to adopt in the near future for setting environmental flows. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.