全文获取类型
收费全文 | 31883篇 |
免费 | 3564篇 |
国内免费 | 2150篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 8283篇 |
技术理论 | 2篇 |
综合类 | 3487篇 |
化学工业 | 2535篇 |
金属工艺 | 404篇 |
机械仪表 | 1808篇 |
建筑科学 | 2229篇 |
矿业工程 | 899篇 |
能源动力 | 1774篇 |
轻工业 | 601篇 |
水利工程 | 2410篇 |
石油天然气 | 1219篇 |
武器工业 | 398篇 |
无线电 | 2339篇 |
一般工业技术 | 1636篇 |
冶金工业 | 1244篇 |
原子能技术 | 221篇 |
自动化技术 | 6108篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 131篇 |
2023年 | 378篇 |
2022年 | 765篇 |
2021年 | 986篇 |
2020年 | 1080篇 |
2019年 | 849篇 |
2018年 | 775篇 |
2017年 | 1005篇 |
2016年 | 1166篇 |
2015年 | 1210篇 |
2014年 | 2118篇 |
2013年 | 1921篇 |
2012年 | 2561篇 |
2011年 | 2476篇 |
2010年 | 1901篇 |
2009年 | 1925篇 |
2008年 | 1814篇 |
2007年 | 2234篇 |
2006年 | 1999篇 |
2005年 | 1647篇 |
2004年 | 1396篇 |
2003年 | 1198篇 |
2002年 | 1018篇 |
2001年 | 879篇 |
2000年 | 793篇 |
1999年 | 613篇 |
1998年 | 431篇 |
1997年 | 391篇 |
1996年 | 371篇 |
1995年 | 297篇 |
1994年 | 241篇 |
1993年 | 156篇 |
1992年 | 158篇 |
1991年 | 146篇 |
1990年 | 122篇 |
1989年 | 100篇 |
1988年 | 78篇 |
1987年 | 39篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1982年 | 24篇 |
1981年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 25篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1963年 | 4篇 |
1959年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(84):35641-35654
The continuous catalytic regenerative (CCR) reforming process is one of the most significant sources of hydrogen production in the petroleum refining process. However, the fluctuations in feedstock composition and flow rate could significantly affect both product distribution and energy consumption. In this study, a robust deviation criterion based multi-objective optimization approach is proposed to perform the optimal operation of CCR reformer under feedstock uncertainty, with simultaneous maximization of product yields and minimization of energy consumption. Minimax approach is adopted to handle these uncertain objectives, and the Latin hypercube sampling method is then used to calculate these robust deviation criteria. Multi-objective surrogate-based optimization methods are next introduced to effectively solve the robust operational problem with high computational cost. The level diagram method is finally utilized to assist in multi-criteria decision-making. Two robust operational optimization problems with different objectives are solved to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for robust optimal operation of the CCR reforming process under feedstock uncertainty. 相似文献
2.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(2):1157-1171
Tracking control of oxygen excess ratio (OER) is crucial for dynamic performance and operating efficiency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). OER tracking errors and overshoots under dynamic load limit the PEMFC output power performance, and also could lead oxygen starvation which seriously affect the life of PEMFC. To solve this problem, an adaptive sliding mode observer based near-optimal OER tracking control approach is proposed in this paper. According to real time load demand, a dynamic OER optimization strategy is designed to obtain an optimal OER. A nonlinear system model based near-optimal controller is designed to minimize the OER tracking error under variable operation condition of PEMFC. An adaptive sliding mode observer is utilized to estimate the uncertain parameters of the PEMFC air supply system and update parameters in near-optimal controller. The proposed control approach is implemented in OER tracking experiments based on air supply system of a 5 kW PEMFC test platform. The experiment results are analyzed and demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control approach under load changes, external disturbances and parameter uncertainties of PEFMC system. 相似文献
3.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(75):32303-32314
Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is considered a key component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, developing a new MEA to meet desired properties, such as operation under low-humidity conditions without a humidifier, is a time- and cost-consuming process. This study employs a machine-learning-based approach using K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and neural networks (NN) in the MEA development process by identifying a suitable catalyst layer (CL) recipe in MEA. Minimum redundancy maximum relevance and principal component analysis were implemented to specify the most important predictor and reduce the data dimension. The number of predictors was found to play an essential role in the accuracy of the KNN and NN models although the predictors have self-correlations. The KNN model with a K of 7 was found to minimize the model loss with a loss of 11.9%. The NN model constructed by three corresponding hidden layers with nine, eight, and nine nodes can achieve the lowest error of 0.1293 for the Pt catalyst and 0.031 for PVA as a good additive blending in the CL of the MEA. However, even if the error is low, the prediction of PVA seems to be inaccurate, regardless of the model structure. Therefore, the KNN model is more appropriate for CL recipe prediction. 相似文献
4.
5.
中国石化海南炼油化工有限公司0.2 Mt/a C5/C6烷烃异构化装置以连续重整装置的拔头油为原料,使用NNI-1催化剂,采用一次通过流程,不设脱异戊烷塔和稳定塔,经设在连续重整装置内的脱丁烷塔稳定处理后作为汽油调合组分。该装置于2006年9月开工投产,截至2015年3月已连续运行3个周期。长周期运行分析结果表明:前两个周期中NNI-1催化剂具有较高的异构化活性及选择性,C5异构化率为60%左右,C6异构化率为80%左右,C6选择性为15%左右,产品辛烷值基本达到技术指标要求(RON≥78);而在第三周期运行中,催化剂积炭增加等原因导致其异构化活性及选择性降低,异构化产品辛烷值提升能力呈现逐步衰减的趋势,提高反应苛刻度已不能弥补催化剂活性下降造成的产品辛烷值降低。为保证装置长周期运行,建议择机停工对催化剂进行再生,或是直接换用与装置原料性质匹配的异构化催化剂。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
Optimal capacitor placement in distribution systems solved by the hybrid method of CODEQ (called HCODEQ method) is proposed in this work. The concepts of chaotic search, opposition-based learning, and quantum mechanics are used in the CODEQ method to overcome the drawback of parameters selection in the differential evolution (DE). However, a larger population size must be used in the CODEQ method. That is a drawback for all evolutionary algorithms (EAs). To overcome this drawback, acceleration operation and migrating operation are embedded into the CODEQ method, i.e. HCODEQ method. The use of these two operations can increase the convergence speed without decreasing the diversity among individuals. One benchmark function and various-scale capacitor placement systems are used to compare the performance of the proposed method, CODEQ method, DE, simulated annealing (SA), and ant system (AS). Numerical results show that the performance of the HCODEQ method is better than the other methods. 相似文献
9.
配电网停电会造成电力系统供配电可靠性以及服务质量下降,研究基于地理信息系统(GIS)单线图的配网停电单模拟操作应用。利用网格长度作为基本单位建立坐标系,以选取起始点与终止点为基础,通过四参数法将GIS坐标映射至图纸网格内,实现配网内设备初步布局,将杆塔、站房和整体均匀分布作为优化目标,设置多目标优化目标函数实现GIS单线图最终优化。选取某电力公司配网作为单模拟操作应用对象,模拟结果表明,单模拟操作配网停电后,该配网各负荷点年故障率、次平均停电时间以及年停电时间均有所减少,可有效提升配网的供配电可靠性。 相似文献
10.
马尔可夫跳变线性系统(MJLS)是一种具有多个模态的随机系统,系统在各个模态之间的跳变转移由一组马尔可夫链来决定。MJLS模型因其在表示过程中可以产生突变而更能精确的描述实际工程应用中的系统。近年来,MJLS的最优控制问题成为了研究的热点,动态规划、极大值原理以及线性矩阵不等式等成为了解决此类问题的主流方法。本文对MJLS最优控制领域的研究现状进行了综述。分别对一般情况下、带有噪声的情况下、带有时滞的情况下以及某些特定情况下的MLJS最优控制问题的国内外研究现状进行论述。最后进行了总结并提出MJLS最优控制领域未来值得关注的研究方向。 相似文献