PVDF中空纤维滤膜的形态结构

用Ｌ－Ｓ相转换法制备了聚偏氟乙烯（ＰＶＤＦ）中空纤维不对称滤膜。铸膜液由聚合物、溶剂和添加剂组成。用电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）考察了聚合物浓度、添加剂用量及种类对膜形态结构的影响。实验结果表明，聚合物浓度对膜形态结构有显著影响，当铸膜液中聚合物浓度较低时，无论用什么种类添加剂，都能形成大、且多的孔，但孔的形状随添加剂不同而异。当恒定聚合物浓度时，添加剂的用量对膜形态结构有很大的影响，但孔的大小及多少与添加剂含量的多少不成正比。     

UL认证漫谈（六）

介绍了ＵＬ试验室和中国检测机构的ＴＰＴＤＰ合作计划。     

NAS盘在408UL系统中的应用

408UL仪器原配的记录系统是3490磁带机,存储容量小,记录速度慢;NAS盘存储快,记录容量大,可靠性高,可无限重复使用。介绍了408UL--NAS盘系统软硬件的安装方法,并阐述了NAS盘在408UL仪器系统的应用方法：数据文件的任意回放方法、数据文件的安全下载方法、copy＋软件的安装及其使用方法等。应用结果表明,NAS盘在408UL地震仪器上的成功应用,彻底解决了3490磁带机记录速度慢、单盘磁带记录容量小的问题,为408UI。地震仪器进一步运用于大规模地震勘探施工打下了坚实的基础。     

美国UL484《房间空调器安全标准》的探讨

本文说明了在使用UL484《房间空调器安全标准》时应特别注意的诸如产品结构设计、材料使用和元件选择等问题,同时比照空调器国家安全标准进行讨论。文章列举UL标准中有特色的试验作为论据,如“温度压力试验”以及与IEC335-2-40的一些差异。     

低压开关设备与控制设备的IEC标准与UL标准对比分析

对比分析了世界上最受公认并影响着低压开关设备和控制设备的设计和应用的两大系列标准即IEC标准与UL标准，以期对标准本身的内容以及对电器产品研究开发及系统的应用有更好的理解。     

储层敏感性机理及防治对策研究

王庄油田郑408块沙三段属于敏感性储层,现场采用冷采、蒸汽吞吐、注入CO2、HDCS等多种开采方式,效果均不理想。在对该区块储层特征、敏感性机理深入研究的基础上,得出黏土矿物含量相对较高,其中蒙脱石含量平均高达41%,致使储层具有强~极强水敏性,因此认为黏土矿物是影响储层渗透率、制约开发效果的主要因素。蒙脱石在富钙环境中会产生钙基蒙脱石,在富钠环境中会产生钠基蒙脱石。蒙脱石具有三层水结构:表层水、层间水和晶格水,失水由易到难,当温度达到300℃时,蒙脱石失去膨胀性能;长期在高温(800~1000℃)下,蒙脱石晶格破坏,产生相变,转化为莫来石和方石英。因此,实施注汽热采需把蒸汽温度提高到250~300℃,干度保持在70%。室内防膨静态和防膨流动实验表明,当SLAS-3防膨剂浓度为1.5%,黏土膨胀率为0,可以很好地起到抑制黏土膨胀的作用。该项成果的取得对指导王庄油田郑408块的开发具有重要的实用价值,同时也为同类油藏的开发提供了一定的借鉴。     

螺旋藻中藻蓝素的提取研究

从螺旋藻中提取藻胆蛋白,用甲醇解离其硫醚键得藻蓝素。其最佳解离条件是：温度为４０℃,解离时间为２４ｈ,Ｖ（甲醇）∶ｍ （藻胆蛋白） ＝２００∶１ 。提取率可达１－５％ ,产物的ＵＶ,ＩＲ和文献相符。藻蓝素发色团在酸性溶液中呈比较扩展型,而在中性溶液中呈比较闭合的结构。     

384×288非制冷红外探测器驱动电路设计

介绍了384×288非制冷红外焦平面探测器UL03191及其工作原理,分析了非制冷红外焦平面阵列驱动电路组成原理、设计方法,重点是偏置电压电路、脉冲电压信号驱动电路、温度检测及控制电路的设计等关键技术,并对主要驱动信号进行了仿真。     

特殊用途开关工厂测试设备检查要求

介绍了常用于家用电器和设备装置等开关产品（一般称特殊用途开关）在中请UL国际安全认证过程中工厂测试设备评审的目的、要求。比较详细地介绍了该类产品的电气参数、负载类型、测试同路、设备的配备以及常见的问题等，可作为参考性文件。工厂可根据文中所提供的基本信息，结合厂的实际制订有效的计划和措施来配合设备的检查，以确保顺利通过工厂的审核。     

Full Scale Burn Tests of Television Sets and Electronic Appliances

Ten full-scale burn tests of television sets and electronic appliances were performed to: (1) demonstrate the ignition propensity and fire performance characteristics of materials used in the construction of television sets marketed in the United States and to compare these to the fire performance of television sets marketed in Europe; (2) document the damage to television sets when exposed to nearby burning materials; (3) evaluate and compare the damage to television sets when subjected to different size, duration and types of fires; (4) evaluate fire damage to television sets and electronic appliances when exposed to post flashover conditions; and (5) evaluate electrical damage caused to components of electronic appliances while they are powered and subjected to exposure fires.Ignitability tests showed that television sets constructed with cabinets made of V-0 rated plastics (for the U.S. market) will not ignite and propagate a flame under the test conditions. Television sets made of HB rated plastics (for the European market) will ignite and propagate a flame under the same test conditions and the television set will be consumed in the ensuing fire. The UL 94 tests do not provide rate of heat release data; however, calorimetry test data showed that the rate of heat release and the burning of the electronic appliances and television sets were in part dependent on the size of the exposure fire.Examination of the television sets and electronic appliances after the burn tests showed that the severity of damage and type of damage varied significantly. Electrical fault activity was noted to have occurred both exterior and interior to the powered television sets as well as other powered electronic appliances. In all cases, the fire source was external to the appliance.Post fire examination after the flashover fires showed that fire pattern analysis and burn damage are not necessarily indicative of the area of origin or cause and can be misleading to even experienced fire investigators.