基于CaO引导的甲烷蒸汽重整化学链燃烧制氢系统

为在重整气中得到高纯H_2和降低尾气CO_2分离成本,建立了基于CaO引导的甲烷蒸汽重整化学链燃烧制氢系统,该系统在重整反应器中加入CaO吸收剂,用以吸收重整器内的CO_2,提高重整气中H_2浓度,形成的CaCO_3固体在煅烧器中受热分解重新生成CaO。利用Aspen Plus进行了过程模拟及热力学分析,并研究主要参数对系统性能的影响,得到优化的操作条件为:CaO循环量/CH_4比为0.5,CH_4(燃料)/CH_4比为0.35,NiO循环量/CH_4比为1.4。CaO循环量/CH_4比从0变化到0.5时,重整气中H_2浓度从0.60增长到0.99;CH_4(燃料)/CH_4比在0.25~0.45区间变化时,重整气中H_2浓度从0.86提高到0.99,产气量增加;NiO循环量/CH_4比在1~1.6区间变化时,重整气中H_2浓度从0.88增长到0.99,系统有效能效率变化较小。     

用ASPEN PLUS软件预测水-2,3-丁二醇汽液相平衡数据

讲述了用Aspen Plus软件估算汽液相平衡数据的一般方法，并给出了水-2，3-丁二醇和2，3-丁二醇-1，3-丙二醇物系在不同压力下的汽液相平衡数据，结果表明通过精馏操作可以将2，3-丁二醇分离提纯。     

沼气微型燃气轮机热力循环特性的仿真模拟

针对沼气设备的研发,基于Aspen PLUS分别建立了回热式和外燃式热力循环模型,研究了增压比π、涡轮前温度T3、压气机进口空气温度和涡轮出口压力对系统特性的影响,100kW级沼气燃气轮机的增压比选取值为其总体设计提供了参考。通过对比2种热力循环的特性发现,外燃式热力循环更易于回热器的匹配设计,同等涡轮前温度和低增压比的条件下,外燃式整机热效率略优于回热式。     

基于Virtools的三维交互虚拟精馏实验室的构建

为了实现对精馏分离实验过程的三维情景化交互仿真模拟,提出了一种基于Virtools技术的、以虚拟人物为引导的,全场景、开放式、三维沉浸交互式虚拟精馏实验室的构建方法。该软件以板式塔实验为考察对象,依据精馏分离理论建立了分离预测数学模型并以此为构建基础,通过对功能模块、实现的关键技术以及三维沉浸感提升方法的研究与设计,采用编写及优化程序实现了物系选择、多参数调节、监控评价和色谱检测等功能,计算了不同条件下沿塔气液组成和温度分布,完整地模拟了精馏分离和馏出液检测全过程。     

The effect of the temporal resolution of NDVI data on season onset dates and trends across Canadian broadleaf forests

Satellite remote sensing has the potential to contribute to plant phenology monitoring at spatial and temporal scales relevant for regional and global scale studies. Historically, temporal composites of satellite data, ranging from 8 days to 16 days, have been used as a starting point for satellite-derived phenology data sets. In this study we assess how the temporal resolution of such composites affects the estimation of the start of season (SOS) by: 1) calibrating a relationship between satellite derived SOS with in situ leaf unfolding (LU) of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) across Canada and 2) quantifying the sensitivity of calibrated satellite SOS estimates and trends, over Canadian broadleaf forests, to the temporal resolution of NDVI data. SOS estimates and trends derived from daily NDVI data were compared to SOS estimates and trends derived from multiday NDVI composites that retain the exact date of the maximum NDVI value or that assume the midpoint of the multiday interval as the observation date. In situ observations of LU dates were acquired from the PlantWatch Canada network. A new Canadian database of cloud and snow screened daily 1-km resolution National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration advanced very high resolution radiometer surface reflectance images was used as input satellite data. The mean absolute errors of SOS dates with respect to in situ LU dates ranged between 13 and 40 days. SOS estimates from NDVI composites that retain the exact date of the maximum NDVI value had smaller errors (~ 13 to 20 days). The sensitivity analysis reinforced these findings: SOS estimates from NDVI composites that use the exact date had smaller absolute deviations from the LU date (0 to − 5 days) than the SOS estimates from NDVI composites that use the midpoint (− 2 to − 27 days). The SOS trends between 1985 and 2007 were not sensitive to the temporal resolution or compositing methods. However, SOS trends at individual ecozones showed significant differences with the SOS trends from daily NDVI data (Taiga plains and the Pacific maritime zones). Overall, our results suggest that satellite based estimates of vegetation green-up dates should preferably use sub-sampled NDVI composites that include the exact observation date of the maximum NDVI to minimize errors in both, SOS estimates and SOS trend analyses. For trend analyses alone, any of the compositing methods could be used, preferably with composite intervals of less than 28 days. This is an important finding, as it suggests that existing long-term 10-day or 15-day NDVI composites could be used for SOS trend analyses over broadleaf forests in Canada or similar areas. Future studies will take advantage of the growing in situ phenology networks to improve the validation of satellite derived green-up dates.     

天然气脱酸气装置动态建模及分析

天然气脱酸气装置是天然气开发过程中重要的组成部分,由于脱酸气装置的来气量经常发生变动,致使装置运行偏离最优工况。本文基于川渝地区某高含硫天然气脱酸气装置,首次应用HYSYS Dynamic流程模拟软件,建立天然气脱酸气装置动态模型,研究脱酸气装置在原料气的进气量在80%～130%负荷变化时,整套装置的动态响应过程,确定了常规PID控制方案对吸收剂循环量控制滞后,造成装置在高负荷下,产品气质量达不到标准;针对动态分析发现的问题,本文提出了一种比例控制方案,依据原料气的处理量的变化比例调节吸收剂循环量,并根据进入再生塔的富吸收液流量比例调节再生塔重沸器的负荷。动态分析表明,在原料气负荷变动条件下,装置可以始终保持产品气质量在要求之内,再生塔负荷也可以根据处理量的变化而自动调节,在低负荷运行时,降低装置的能耗。此比例控制方案大大提高了装置的操作弹性。     

HYSYS过程模拟软件在空分设备操作中的应用

描述了HYSYS过程模拟软件在空分设备操作中的应用,并介绍了软件应用过程中的体会。     

基于环境影响的过程模拟分析

在工艺设计阶段避免和减少污染产生是从源头控制污染产生的有效方法,将环境影响最小集成到化工过程模拟设计中,是近年来清洁生产领域快速发展的一项技术。本文采用废物削减WAR算法来衡量工艺流程的环境影响指标,并将WAR算法与模拟软件Aspen集成,提供在工艺设计阶段的环境分析工具。同时,将集成的环境影响软件应用于乙烷制备乙烯工艺的环境影响分析。     

Aspen 软件在低温精馏分离稳定同位素13C中的应用

本工作对低温精馏分离¹³C同位素的稳态模拟与动态模拟进行了研究。使用商用流程模拟软件Aspen Plus建立低温精馏过程的稳态模型,通过对比模拟数据与实验数据,验证物性参数和模型的可靠性。使用Aspen Dynamics建立低温精馏过程的动态模型,动态模拟结果与实验数据吻合良好。结果表明,可以使用Aspen Dynamics对碳同位素分离过程进行动态特性研究,并对精馏过程进行开车时间预测、控制方案分析、操作性分析和安全性分析等。