增产喷气燃料加氢裂化技术的开发及应用

介绍了一种新的可增产喷气燃料加氢裂化技术,该技术通过不同类型加氢裂化催化剂的活性匹配,在最大量增产喷气燃料的同时,还能改善加氢裂化尾油的BMCI值,特别适合采用单一类型加氢裂化催化剂的加氢裂化装置,通过更换少量催化剂即可明显增加企业的经济效益,已在国内多套加氢裂化装置应用,获得良好的效果。某石化分公司1.8 Mt/a加氢裂化装置应用结果表明,在尾油收率基本相同的条件下,喷气燃料产率可增加14.72%,尾油BMCI值降低1~2单位。     

FC-32加氢裂化催化剂性能特点及工业应用

为全面考察FC-32新一代灵活型加氢裂化催化剂的反应性能,使用不同原料油在不同压力等级和不同转化深度下,对FC-32催化剂进行工艺研究。结果表明,FC-32催化剂在不同压力等级下均显示出优异的催化性能,具有很高的温度敏感性、优异的生产操作灵活性和很强的原料油适应性,可以生产低裂解性能关联指数（BMCI值）、富含链烷烃、馏出率为90%时的温度和干点较原料油显著降低的尾油蒸汽裂解制乙烯原料。2009年10月,FC-32催化剂在中国石油化工股份有限公司天津石化分公司1.8 Mt/a加氢裂化装置上成功工业应用。     

加氢裂化尾油产品密度换算表选择

通过对5种典型中试装置和2种工业装置加氢裂化尾油进行密度测定与换算,采用趋势图和最大差值等方法对实验数据进行处理分析,考察了3种密度换算表对加氢裂化尾油的适用性、稳定性与准确性。确认GB/T 1885—1998《石油计量表》D表更适合作为加氢裂化尾油密度换算表,并建议尾油密度测量温度应低于80℃,同时指出了该表存在测量范围不足的问题,为炼化企业选用合适的尾油密度换算工具表提供了参考依据。     

影响高压加氢裂化尾油质量因素分析

通过对高压加氢裂化反应机理的剖析,分析了芳烃指数BMCI值与乙烯收率的关系,结合高压加氢裂化装置实际运行数据,在已选定催化剂的情况下,考察了影响BMCI值的主要因素,包括原料油性质,反应温度、压力、空速、氢油比工艺操作条件,及分馏塔切割方式,在实际生产中对调整尾油质量有指导意义。     

高效加氢裂化催化剂级配技术开发及应用

介绍了高效加氢裂化催化剂级配技术,该技术实现了不同类型加氢裂化催化剂性能的优势互补,使不同烃类组分在目标产品中富集,可最大限度地提高产品质量,已在国内多家炼油厂应用,获得了良好的效果。在某炼化分公司1.50 Mt/a加氢裂化装置的应用结果表明,该技术不仅有效地解决了企业生产中所遇到的产品质量问题,而且装置操作第二周期比第一周期能耗下降了261.68 MJ/t,第三周期比第二周期能耗下降了59.87 MJ/t。喷气燃料和加氢裂化尾油质量明显改善,喷气燃料烟点提高1个单位,尾油BMCI值降低了2~3个单位。     

Novel Impact of Wet Dosages of NMP in Extraction for Production of High BMCI Carbon Black Feedstocks

Abstract

In separation sciences, “Solvent Extraction” is one of the most important unit operations, a very widely used process, next only to distillation. In the petroleum refining industry, solvent extraction is commonly widely applied to produce a number of specialty products such as BTX, lube base oils, waxes, etc. There are many solvents used in various separation processes, like sulfolane, phenol, furfural, ketones, and N-methyl pyrollidone (NMP). NMP in particular is an environmentally benign, new generation solvent, which can be tailored for specific separations by using it in conjunction with small doses of water. In recent years, researchers are re-looking at the separation processes and their modifications to exploit these for producing high-value industrial products from low-value refinery streams. The present study deals with the production of high-quality carbon black feedstocks (CBFS) from clarified oils. The study shows the beneficial effect of using NMP in combination with different dosages of water as extraction solvent to extract low-value clarified oil, a cracked material from the FCC unit of an operating Indian refinery. In the present study, water ranging from 0.3 wt% to 10 wt% was used with NMP to produce aromatic extract of BMCI (Bureau of Mines Correlation Index) up to 146 through liquid-liquid equilibrium and mass transfer studies on clarified oil (CLO). The effect of solvent-to-feed ratio at constant temperature on solvent extraction was also studied. The addition of water in NMP alters the “selectivity” of solvent, which can be exploited for producing aromatic extracts of a wide range of BMCI for different end-use applications. The major users of such high BMCI extracts are carbon black and electrode pitch manufacturers. Regression analysis was also done to develop correlations between water percentage in NMP and targeted BMCI of aromatic extract. Presently, CLO is blended with fuel oil and sold as a very low value product in refinery. Since the demand of CBFS is increasing continuously and current short-fall in India is met through imports from China, Korea, and Japan, it is desirable that such studies are undertaken and will lead to production of high-value CBFS from low-value refinery streams through separation processes.     

多产喷气燃料和优质尾油的国产加氢裂化催化剂工业应用

为应对市场需求变化,中国石油独山子石化分公司2.0 Mt/a加氢裂化装置于2019年换用由中国石化石油化工科学研究院开发的国产精制剂RN-410B和RHC-133B。装置运行初期结果表明：在尾油收率为35.87%的情况下,喷气燃料收率为35.94%;与上周期相比,在相近转化深度下,喷气燃料收率增加13.05百分点,喷气燃料烟点为29.9 mm,尾油BMCI为8.3,实现了多产喷气燃料和优质尾油的预期目标。通过降低尾油切割初馏点的方式,将尾油收率提高至44.4%,尾油的BMCI为11.8,企业增效显著。此外对当前装置运行中存在的问题进行了分析,提出管控措施,以实现催化剂5年长周期运行的目标。     

多产重石脑油和喷气燃料加氢裂化技术的工业应用

为应对市场需求变化,中国石油四川石化有限责任公司于2018年采用中国石化石油化工科学研究院开发的多产重石脑油和喷气燃料加氢裂化技术对2.7 Mt/a加氢裂化装置进行了技术改造。装置开工满14个月的初期标定结果表明：在控制尾油收率为18.86%的情况下,装置的重石脑油收率为29.47%;喷气燃料收率为36.24%,较上周期提高11.48百分点,其性质符合3号喷气燃料指标要求;尾油的BMCI为7.8,是优质的蒸汽裂解制乙烯原料。采用该技术后装置实现了在压减柴油的同时增产重石脑油和喷气燃料、改善化工原料质量的目标。     

烃类热裂解的丙烯产率计算

介绍一个新的预测丙烯产率的关联式。该式是以国内一些大型石化厂生产装置的运行操作数据为基础,采用经验法,同时考虑到原料组成和裂解操作条件两方面因素而得。并经逐步回归方法对参数的显著性进行检验。具有形式简单、参数易得、应用广泛及预测准确度高等特点。