完善应急预案 实现“三高”区块油气钻探安全

完善应急预案编制,落实应急预案演练,是实现"三高"油气勘探区块钻探安全,减少和避免重大伤害事故发生的重要保证。分析了目前"三高"区块应急预案和应急演练存在的问题和不足,并提出完善应急预案和改善演练效果的建议与措施。     

扑救油田井喷火灾的战术与组织指挥

对目前油田井喷火灾所使用的战斗措施、火场指挥部的成立等进行了阐述,提出了扑救油田井喷火灾所运用的具体战术和组织指挥方法,对油田突发性井喷火灾的扑救和组织指挥具有一定的鉴戒和指导意义。     

防喷器在承压过程中的声发射检测

用声发射检测方法对带有裂纹缺陷的防喷器壳体在承压过程中裂纹扩展的过程进行检测。在一个已报废防喷器壳体上用气焊切割一个长100mm、宽5mm的缺口,再将缺口补焊。采用气动泵对防喷器加压,对防喷器的承压过程进行了检测。检测结果显示,用声发射检测能够及时有效地反映出被测防喷器在外力作用下缺陷的活动情况,其检测结果能反映防喷器壳体在承压过程中的破坏情况,且对缺陷的定位准确。     

天然气超深井井底压力计算与应用

钻井液喷空后的井底压力可以精确计算,为正确地保证井底压力大于或等于地层压力提供了科学的数据。钻井液喷空后的深井超深井的天然气井,关井后的静气柱压力不是很小。井内有钻井液(或修井液)井底进入天然气时,井底压力在合理地处理井内天然气在井内的运移(体积法放压法)与二次循环法压井循环出进入井内的天然气是相同的,为钻井井控现场为避免压裂套管鞋处或地层压力低的地层提供了可靠的依据。     

高含硫化氢气井井喷后天然气扩散数值模拟

高含硫气田一旦发生井喷事故,后果非常严重,为了掌握井喷事故后天然气扩散的规律,利用CFD软件进行了井喷事故数值模拟。研究甲烷和硫化氢的质量分数分布规律和影响范围,并研究了风速和出口速度对扩散的影响。结果显示：风速对天然气的扩散影响比较大,风速越大,扩散越快;出口速度对高空天然气质量分数分布有影响,出口速率越大,高空中天然气质量分数越大。研究的结果可以为天然气井井喷事故处理提供一定的指导依据。     

环形防喷器密封胶芯本构模型研究

确定合理的橡胶本构模型对于研究其高弹特性和材料非线性至关重要。石油天然气钻采用防喷器胶芯常用丁腈橡胶,其本构模型参数会直接影响到有限元分析结果的可靠性。提出一种基于实验的研究方法,通过对丁腈橡胶试块进行单轴压缩实验,获取的应力-应变对应值与利用应变能函数计算的应力-应变关系进行拟合,确定了Mooney-Rivilin本构模型关键参数C₁₀和C₀₁。分别与数值分析和ABAQUS有限元仿真模拟对比,验证了参数C₁₀和C₀₁的正确性和合理性。通过单轴压缩实验获取的Mooney-Rivilin本构模型参数的研究方法,为工业环境下丁腈橡胶材料理论研究提供了方便。     

Parametric and statistical investigation of the behavior of a lifted flame over a turbulent free-jet structure

Partially premixed combustion is involved in many practical applications, due to partial premixing of combustible and oxidant gases before ignition, or due to local extinctions, which lead to mixing of reactants and burned gases. To investigate some features of flames in stratified flows, the stabilization processes of lifted turbulent jet flames are studied. This work offers a large database of liftoff locations of flames stabilized on turbulence-free jets for different fuels and nozzle diameters studied over their flame stability domains. Methane, propane, and ethylene flames are investigated for nozzle diameters of 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm. Blowout velocities are measured and compared with an approach based on large-scale structures of the jet. The axial and radial locations of the flame base are measured by planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of the OH radical through high sampling (at least 5000 points). From this large database the average locations of the flame base are analyzed for the fuels investigated. The pdfs exhibit an evolution of their shapes according to the region of the turbulent jet where the flame stabilizes (potential core, transition to turbulence, or fully developed turbulence regions). This dependence is probably due to the interaction of the flame with the jet structures. This is confirmed by the comparison between the amplitude of the height fluctuations and the local size of the large-scale structures deduced from particle image velocimetry measurements and self-similarity laws for velocity. The results show the flame can be carried over a distance equal to the local diameter of the jet within the region of fully developed turbulence for propane and ethylene, and over a slightly larger distance for methane.     

BYJ型防喷脱接器的设计与应用

本文介绍了BYJ型防喷脱接器的结构和工作原理。它既有抽油杆与大泵活塞脱接功能,又能实现不压井作业施工,是大型抽油泵理想的配套工具。现场应用表明,该防喷脱接器对接成功率较高,并实现了大泵井不压井施工。