BYJ型防喷脱接器的设计与应用

本文介绍了BYJ型防喷脱接器的结构和工作原理。它既有抽油杆与大泵活塞脱接功能,又能实现不压井作业施工,是大型抽油泵理想的配套工具。现场应用表明,该防喷脱接器对接成功率较高,并实现了大泵井不压井施工。     

天然气超深井井底压力计算与应用

钻井液喷空后的井底压力可以精确计算,为正确地保证井底压力大于或等于地层压力提供了科学的数据。钻井液喷空后的深井超深井的天然气井,关井后的静气柱压力不是很小。井内有钻井液(或修井液)井底进入天然气时,井底压力在合理地处理井内天然气在井内的运移(体积法放压法)与二次循环法压井循环出进入井内的天然气是相同的,为钻井井控现场为避免压裂套管鞋处或地层压力低的地层提供了可靠的依据。     

Evaluating accidents in the offshore drilling of petroleum: Regional picture and reducing impact

This study examined several accidents over the last 56 years in the offshore drilling of petroleum. The aim is to examine the situation in relation to jack-ups, drill ships, semi-submersible and platforms and have a better awareness and understanding which may reduce the number of accidents. The materials examined were available published reports and data on exploration and production activities. From 219 accidents recorded the highest was due to blowouts with 46.1%, followed by storms and hurricanes with 15.1% and structural failures with 11.4%. High fatalities occurred at the Funiwa 5 platform in Nigeria with 230, the Piper Alpha platform in the North Sea with 167 and the Keilland semi-submersible in Norway. Other high fatalities were recorded at the Ocean Ranger fire and sinking, Java Sea sinking, Bohai 2 and Bohai 3 fire and sinking. Worker training and discipline must be maintained at a high level. The facilities must be kept sea-worthy and reliable through regular maintenance.     

环形防喷器密封胶芯本构模型研究

确定合理的橡胶本构模型对于研究其高弹特性和材料非线性至关重要。石油天然气钻采用防喷器胶芯常用丁腈橡胶,其本构模型参数会直接影响到有限元分析结果的可靠性。提出一种基于实验的研究方法,通过对丁腈橡胶试块进行单轴压缩实验,获取的应力-应变对应值与利用应变能函数计算的应力-应变关系进行拟合,确定了Mooney-Rivilin本构模型关键参数C₁₀和C₀₁。分别与数值分析和ABAQUS有限元仿真模拟对比,验证了参数C₁₀和C₀₁的正确性和合理性。通过单轴压缩实验获取的Mooney-Rivilin本构模型参数的研究方法,为工业环境下丁腈橡胶材料理论研究提供了方便。     

高含硫化氢气井井喷后天然气扩散数值模拟

高含硫气田一旦发生井喷事故,后果非常严重,为了掌握井喷事故后天然气扩散的规律,利用CFD软件进行了井喷事故数值模拟。研究甲烷和硫化氢的质量分数分布规律和影响范围,并研究了风速和出口速度对扩散的影响。结果显示：风速对天然气的扩散影响比较大,风速越大,扩散越快;出口速度对高空天然气质量分数分布有影响,出口速率越大,高空中天然气质量分数越大。研究的结果可以为天然气井井喷事故处理提供一定的指导依据。     

海上钻井平台井喷液柱高度的图像识别测量方法

油气井钻井作业井喷事故一旦发生,在抢险人员不能直接靠近井口读取井口压力参数的情况下,制订压井抢险方案的关键是准确测量和判定井喷液柱的高度。为此,基于OpenCV计算机视觉库的图像处理技术建立了井喷液柱高度的测量方法,包括:①在救援船上使用CCD相机对井喷液柱拍摄进行连续瞬态成像,每次对井喷液柱进行拍摄时应分别旋转120°拍摄3张照片;②对图像经过直方图均衡化、高频强调滤波预处理,再经过改进的Otsu算法进行二值化处理,分割出井喷液柱的轮廓;③利用数学形态学运算处理二值图像中的边界点与孔洞,采用参照物法计算出井喷液柱的实际高度。室内模拟实验的结果表明:①该方法对井喷液柱识别的准确率较高,误差约为6%,能够较为精确地获取井喷液柱高度;②实验过程中,处理一幅图像平均耗时0.86 s,可以满足事故发生后对井喷液柱的实时识别与测量要求。结论认为,该方法应用于对井喷液柱高度的测量是可行的,利用其对井喷图像进行程序化处理,可以在海上钻井平台井喷失控后实时连续测量井喷液柱高度,第一时间获取与井喷相关的关键参数,为压井抢险方案的制订提供依据。     

完善应急预案 实现“三高”区块油气钻探安全

完善应急预案编制,落实应急预案演练,是实现"三高"油气勘探区块钻探安全,减少和避免重大伤害事故发生的重要保证。分析了目前"三高"区块应急预案和应急演练存在的问题和不足,并提出完善应急预案和改善演练效果的建议与措施。     

海上平台热采放喷气扩散数值模拟研究

为确保海洋稠油热采平台的安全生产,建立海上平台热采放喷气扩散数学模型,利用ANSYS Fluent软件对蒸汽吞吐热力开采过程中气体的扩散进行模拟计算,量化热采放喷过程对平台的影响,从而指导平台设备设施总体布置。以旅大21⁃2油田为例进行分析,由于放喷后期甲烷含量升高,且放喷气量减小造成扩散速度慢,放喷气容易在蒸汽锅炉等较高的设备间富集造成安全隐患。通过优化放空系统参数和设备布置方案,最大限度降低了热采放喷和冷放空对安全操作的影响,并减小平台面积5.9%。建立的模型考虑了平台主要设备结构、气体组分、风速、湍流脉动等因素的影响,满足工程精度要求,研究结果为热采平台的安全设计提供可靠依据。     

Parametric and statistical investigation of the behavior of a lifted flame over a turbulent free-jet structure

Partially premixed combustion is involved in many practical applications, due to partial premixing of combustible and oxidant gases before ignition, or due to local extinctions, which lead to mixing of reactants and burned gases. To investigate some features of flames in stratified flows, the stabilization processes of lifted turbulent jet flames are studied. This work offers a large database of liftoff locations of flames stabilized on turbulence-free jets for different fuels and nozzle diameters studied over their flame stability domains. Methane, propane, and ethylene flames are investigated for nozzle diameters of 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm. Blowout velocities are measured and compared with an approach based on large-scale structures of the jet. The axial and radial locations of the flame base are measured by planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of the OH radical through high sampling (at least 5000 points). From this large database the average locations of the flame base are analyzed for the fuels investigated. The pdfs exhibit an evolution of their shapes according to the region of the turbulent jet where the flame stabilizes (potential core, transition to turbulence, or fully developed turbulence regions). This dependence is probably due to the interaction of the flame with the jet structures. This is confirmed by the comparison between the amplitude of the height fluctuations and the local size of the large-scale structures deduced from particle image velocimetry measurements and self-similarity laws for velocity. The results show the flame can be carried over a distance equal to the local diameter of the jet within the region of fully developed turbulence for propane and ethylene, and over a slightly larger distance for methane.     

调整井钻井过程中的出水问题与处理

为了解决断块油田开发中、后期由于地质情况复杂、注采不平衡引起的新井钻井井涌、漏失问题，在选定的平衡井下液柱压力、相邻注水井停注泄压的适当压井工艺条件下，对老区调整井钻井过程中的出水外溢、井漏等复杂问题进行了调查分析，并结合实例加以佐证，探讨了油田注水开发中由于各种干扰引起的压力异常，对处理技术措施和效果进行了评价。压力异常是调整井钻井井源、井漏的主要原因。