From big smartphone data to worldwide research: The Mobile Data Challenge

This paper presents an overview of the Mobile Data Challenge (MDC), a large-scale research initiative aimed at generating innovations around smartphone-based research, as well as community-based evaluation of mobile data analysis methodologies. First, we review the Lausanne Data Collection Campaign (LDCC), an initiative to collect unique longitudinal smartphone dataset for the MDC. Then, we introduce the Open and Dedicated Tracks of the MDC, describe the specific datasets used in each of them, discuss the key design and implementation aspects introduced in order to generate privacy-preserving and scientifically relevant mobile data resources for wider use by the research community, and summarize the main research trends found among the 100+ challenge submissions. We finalize by discussing the main lessons learned from the participation of several hundred researchers worldwide in the MDC Tracks.     

化妆品微生物挑战试验

本文参照美国化妆品、盥洗用品和香精协会（CTFA）推荐的防腐体系效能评价方法，研究了不同产品在相同防腐条件下，微生物挑战试验结果的差异性。     

高校理论研究型专业学生面临的就业挑战与培养设计

高校理论研究型专业学生面临着严峻的就业挑战。要使此类专业的学生尽快与社会接轨,必须在培养设计上下功夫,努力做到三个结合:即内在知识与外在证书相结合,一专与多长相结合,理论与实践相结合。     

Selecting and assessing challenge problems

Abstract

Organisations conducting research programs often focus the work of their scientists and technologists on challenge problems (CPs). These challenges are designed to ensure that progress is measurable and relevant to the goals of the program sponsor. Generating and selecting pertinent CPs is difficult, as is assessing their value. We describe a method of generating and selecting CPs and its application in a highly collaborative, multi-organisation research program. Thirty-eight biologists, chemists, mathematicians and computer scientists across academic, commercial and government organisations generated and ranked their top choices from among 12 richly described candidate challenge problems. A ranked-choice voting formula was applied. Five CPs were highly scored; the remaining seven were distributed across a lower range of scores. The program sponsor subsequently directed researchers to address six CPs, including the elected five. Analysis of the rationales that participants offered for their CP rankings revealed four domain-independent dimensions of value: capability, speed, impact and synergy. These dimensions of value can help managers of interdisciplinary research programs systematically select a portfolio of CPs that will efficiently apply utilise resources towards program goals and facilitate measurement of scientific progress.     

中国地下储气库现状及技术发展方向

中国地下储气库建设经过多年探索,已经进入一个新的发展阶段。已经投产的11座地下储气库群设计工作气量达到180×10~8 m~3,在国内天然气调峰安全保供中发挥了重要作用。但国内地下储气库建设仍面临不少困难:①储气库工作气量增长速度慢,落后于调峰需求量增长的速度;②建设工程技术难度大,投资成本高;③安全运行压力大,风险识别和控制困难;④库址资源少,建库条件复杂;⑤尤其是在现有天然气价格体制下,储气库难以通过自身运营获得经营效益。究其原因,主要是已经形成的运营方式和建库技术尚不足以应对市场和复杂地质条件所带来的挑战。为破解这一系列难题,在开展市场化运作模式探索的同时,更需要加大技术攻关力度,加强研究地质评价与气藏工程、钻井完井工程、储气库注采工程、地面配套工艺及储气库完整性评价等多个方面的核心技术,大幅提高储气库建库效率,以促进我国地下储气库的可持续发展。     

《国际半导体技术蓝图》(2005版)光刻部分解析

对2005年公布的《国际半导体就十时微蓝图》中光刻部分进行了介绍与分析,并与之前的版本进行比较,列出了光刻技术面临的挑战和潜在技术方案。最后指出,浸入式光刻、纳米压印、极紫外光刻和ML2将是未来几年重点研究对象。     

Growth potential of Listeria monocytogenes in soft,semi-soft and semi-hard artisanal cheeses after post-processing contamination in deli retail establishments

Opportunities for post-processing contamination of cheese may occur in deli retail establishments, either during the further cheese ripening (at maximum 14 °C), during storage and display in the refrigeration cabinet (at maximum 7 °C) or during slicing. A L. monocytogenes post-processing contamination was simulated by inoculation either on the cheese slicing surface or the cheese rind of three soft cheeses (one white-molded raw cow's milk cheese, one pasteurized cow's milk cheese with spicy herbs, one washed rind pasteurized cow and sheep's milk cheese) and two semi-hard cheeses (one smear-ripened raw cow's milk cheese and one natural-ripened raw cow's milk cheese). L. monocytogenes challenge testing was performed on 3 batches of each cheese to assess the growth potential of L. monocytogenes after 14 days storage at either 7 or 14 °C. Substantial growth of L. monocytogenes (>0.5 log CFU/g) was obtained in 79.2% of all individual challenge tests (n = 178) that were performed although huge variation in growth potential was noted among the different cheese types and storage conditions. The growth potential on soft cheeses stored at 7 °C ranged from 1.8 to 4.0 log units and from 3.6 to 5.5 log units upon storage at 14 °C, whilst on semi-hard cheese, this was in general lower, and ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 log units at 7 °C and from 0.0 to 3.0 log units at 14 °C. Overall, increased outgrowth of L. monocytogenes was noted when inoculation was performed on the cheese slicing surface compared to the cheese rind. Thus if occasional post-processing contamination takes place during storage or handling of the cheese, L. monocytogenes has the potential to grow to elevated numbers throughout a reasonably expected storage period of up to 14 days notwithstanding the presence of high numbers of indigenous lactic acid bacteria in these cheeses. Also for a defined cheese type both a considerable inter-batch and intra-batch variability was sometimes noted from the replicate testing, indicating no consistent behavior of L. monocytogenes in these fermented dairy products. As such it is recommended that appropriate hygienic measures are taken to prevent post-processing contamination. Noting the growth potential, absence of L. monocytogenes in 25 g of cheese using a multiple sample subunit approach (n = 5) at the time of production is important to ensure compliance to EU legislation 2073/2005.     

论我国古代任官回避制度及其当代价值

始于汉代、兴于唐宋、臻于晚清的我国任官回避制度作为古今中外治官制度的一个重要组成部分，已被实践证明是一项行之有效的、必不可少的监督制度。我国当代有关公务员制度中虽也有任官回避方面的原则性规定，仍不适应新形势下的新情况。我们可以汲取古代任官回避制度的精华，着力在任官回避的目标、范围、执行和监督等方面加强法制建设。     

计算机取证研究综述

计算机取证是法学、刑事侦查学和计算机科学的交叉学科，对于计算机取证和电子证据的研究必须体现这一交叉学科的特点。本文总结了近年来国内外的研究情况，提出了今后的研究重点和方向。     

Building environmental assessment methods: applications and development trends

The construction and property sector has seen the development of a number of methods for evaluating the 'greenness' of buildings in the 1990s - both for new designs and existing buildings. These range from very detailed life cycle assessment methods, which account for all the embodied and operational environmental impacts of building materials, to higher level environmental impact assessment methods, which evaluate the broader implications of the building's impact on the environment. In between these two are environmental assessment methods such as BREEAM, BEPAC, LEED, and GBA. In this paper, we discuss the potential market applications of these systems and compare and contrast several of the major environmental assessment methods. Le secteur de la construction et de l'immobilier a ete le temoin du developpement d'un certain nombre de methodes permettant d'evaluer les performances ecologiques des batiments dans les annees 1990, tant sur le plan des nouveaux concepts que des batiments existants. Ces methodes vont de l'evaluation tres detailee du cycle de vie, qui tient compte de l'impact specifique et des incidences operationnelles des materiaux de construction sur l'environnement, jusqu'a une evaluation de l'impact environnemental a un niveau plus eleve. Entre ces deux extremes, on trouve des methodes d'evaluation environnementale telles que BREEAM, BEPAC, LEED et GBA. Dans cet article, nous examinons les applications commerciales potentielles des ces systemes; nous comparons, en les opposant, plusieurs methodes majeures d'evaluation environnementale.