Plasma graft polymerization of acrylamide onto crosslinked HTPB based PU membrane for pervaporation

Pervaporation of water-ethanol mixtures through plasma graft polymerization of acrylamide onto crosslinked hydroxyl terminated poly-butadiene (HTPB) based PU membranes, plasma graft polymerization of acrylamide onto crosslinked PU membrane (AAm-p-CPU), were investigated. The grafting was dependent on the discharge power and pretreatment period. The effects of crosslinking, plasma treatment conditions, feed compositions, and feed temperature on the performance of these membranes were studied. The physical properties of crosslinked membrane were better than those of the uncrosslinked membrane. In addition, compared with crosslinked PU membranes (CPU), the plasma modified crosslinked PU membranes effectively improve the pervaporation separation performances.     

交联型单分散聚苯乙烯微球的制备

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为分散剂，偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂，乙醇为分散介质，二乙烯基苯（DVB）为交联剂进行了苯乙烯（St）的分散聚合；讨论了引发剂、交联剂、分散剂、单体用量对聚合物粒径及分布的影响，制备了交联型单分散聚苯乙烯微球。实验表明：当交联剂质量分数达到单体质量分数的1％时，微球依然可以保持良好的单分散性。在聚合体系中引入抗坏血酸，使其与微量的氧结合，有效地提高了微球的均匀度。     

化学微交联聚氯乙烯的结构和性能

通过氯乙烯/邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(VC/DAP)悬浮共聚,合成了含部分凝胶结构的化学微交联PVC树脂,对微交联PVC的玻璃化转变行为、加工性能、消光性能、加热-形变行为和力学性能进行了研究。当DAP用量在0.25%mol以下时,PVC的玻璃化温度变动不大。凝胶含量的增加将导致交联PVC_d~T的光泽度下降,消光性能提高;塑化时间和加工扭矩均增加,加工性能急剧变差;加热变形值下降,最高使用温度提高。凝胶对PVC拉伸性能的影响较为复杂,但压缩永久变形则随凝胶含量的增加而下降,材料的弹性性能逐渐提高。     

Reactive Hot Melts on the Basis of Polyester and Polyamide

Hot melts show many advantages over other adhesives, for instance, their lack of solvent and their very short setting time just by cooling. The weak point of hot melts in comparison to thermosetting resins is their limited thermal resistance. There is no doubt that the high performance hot melts on the basis of polyester and polyamide show a better heat performance than the widely-used rubbery hot melts. Nevertheless, it is true that the thermal resistance is limited by the melting point of the hot melt. To improve the heat performance, without losing the favourable hot melt properties, crosslinkable hot melts have been created. For the example, copolyamide/blocked isocyanate blends, it can be shown that crosslinkable hot melts are achievable in a wide range of reactivities. After curing, which takes place during the bonding process, these hot melts withstand temperatures of over 220°C even if the melting point of the initial hot melt was 100°C.     

Anodic stripping voltammetric determination of copper(II) using a functionalized carbon nanotubes paste electrode modified with crosslinked chitosan

The development and application of a functionalized carbon nanotubes paste electrode (CNPE) modified with crosslinked chitosan for determination of Cu(II) in industrial wastewater, natural water and human urine samples by linear scan anodic stripping voltammetry (LSASV) are described. Different electrodes were constructed using chitosan and chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (CTS-GA) and epichlorohydrin (CTS-ECH). The best voltammetric response for Cu(II) was obtained with a paste composition of 65% (m/m) of functionalized carbon nanotubes, 15% (m/m) of CTS-ECH, and 20% (m/m) of mineral oil using a solution of 0.05 mol L⁻¹ KNO₃ with pH adjusted to 2.25 with HNO₃, an accumulation potential of −0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0 mol L⁻¹ KCl) for 300 s and a scan rate of 100 mV s⁻¹. Under these optimal experimental conditions, the voltammetric response was linearly dependent on the Cu(II) concentration in the range from 7.90 × 10⁻⁸ to 1.60 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ with a detection limit of 1.00 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹. The samples analyses were evaluated using the proposed sensor and a good recovery of Cu(II) was obtained with results in the range from 98.0% to 104%. The analysis of industrial wastewater, natural water and human urine samples obtained using the proposed CNPE modified with CTS-ECH electrode and those obtained using a comparative method are in agreement at the 95% confidence level.     

Free radical crosslinking of unsaturated bacterial polyesters obtained from soybean oily acids

Summary Poly(-3-hydroxy alkanoate) containing unsaturated side chains, PHA-soybean, were produced by feeding Pseudomonas oleovorans with soybean oily acids obtained from soybean oil. Unsaturation of PHA-soybean were found to be 10 mol-% of unsaturated side chains. Main saturated part of the biopolymer was Poly(3-hydroxy octanoate) with minor hexanoate and decanoate units. PHA films were crosslinked via free radical mechanism by means of thermally or under UV irradiation in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, benzophenon, and /or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM). Crosslinking yield of the PHA films were found to be from 81 to 93 wt.-% from the sol-gel analysis. Swelling properties of the crosslinked PHA films in chloroform and toluene were also studied. Mc values of crosslinked PHAs were also calculated using Flory-Rehner equation. The crosslinked biopolyester obtained by thermally at 60 °C with benzoyl peroxide indicated the highest crosslinking density. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of crosslinked biopolyester samples were changed from −33 to −45 °C while that of PHA-soybean was −60 °C. Received: 16 June 2000/Revised version: 22 January 2001/Accepted: 20 May 2001     

低滤失液体系完善与降滤失工艺研究

针对于缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层,酸化压裂改造工艺已经成为重要的增储上产措施。而压裂液的滤失,极大的影响了酸化压裂的整体效果。进一步优化和完善酸化压裂注入液体系,对提高酸化压裂效果显得更为重要。通过调整稠化剂及交联剂分子结构以及优化体系配方,解决了交联酸酸液体系稳定性问题,实现深度酸压提供技术保障。分析了硅粉、淀粉和分散液三种暂堵降滤失剂的优缺点,提出了暂堵降滤失剂物理、和化学要求,采用可降解合成高分子颗粒材料将达到良好暂堵滤失效果。并结合研究区碳酸盐岩储层温度特点及压裂工艺的需求,通过现场试验,完成了120~160℃高温压裂液配方体系。     

交联聚合物驱油技术研究及应用

交联聚合物驱油技术是聚合物驱油技术的发展和改善，与单纯聚合物相比，该体系具有抗剪切、耐温耐盐、在多孔介质中阻力系数大等特点，能较大程度改善油藏非均质程度，提高原油采收率。以其作为驱油体系具有创新性，可更好地适应高含水期油藏特性，是一种集调剖和驱替于一体的新型驱油技术。文中对交联聚合物的交联机理进行了探讨，给出了室内评价结果，分析了该技术在孤岛油田渤19块的应用效果，现场应用表明，该技术增油降水效果显著，是比较理想的提高EOR的新方法。     

胶凝酸与交联酸一体化耐高温缓速酸研究

胶凝酸和交联酸是高温碳酸盐岩酸压常用的缓速酸体系,该体系存在耐温能力不足、配伍差等问题,同时现场交联酸和胶凝酸为不同酸液体系,存在配制使用流程繁琐的问题。为解决上述问题,优化形成了一体化酸液体系,交联酸基液可作为胶凝酸使用,加入交联剂作为交联酸使用。交联酸配方为:20%盐酸+1%稠化剂SRAP-2+2.5%高温缓蚀剂主剂SRAI-1+0.5%增效剂+1%酸压用铁离子稳定剂SRAF-1+1%酸压用破乳剂SRAD-1+1%交联剂SRAC-2A和延迟交联剂SRAC-2B（2:12）。胶凝酸在160℃、170 s-1下,恒温剪切120 min后黏度为20 mPa·s。交联酸体系交联时间为93 s,具有良好的延迟交联特性;在160℃、170 s-1下恒温剪切90 min后黏度为55 mPa·s,一体化酸液体系室温可放置10 d以上,在140℃动态腐蚀速率为46.1021 g/（m2·h）。研究结果表明,该体系可满足高温储层对缓速酸的要求,实现酸液体系一体化,方便现场施工,具有较好的发展前景。      

间苯二酚在聚合物凝胶堵水技术中的应用

间苯二酚作为聚丙烯酰胺的优良交联剂已成功应用于油田聚合物凝胶堵水技术。本文综述了将间苯二酚应用于近井地带小剂量堵水作业、地层深部大剂量堵水作业以及地层内就地交联聚合物弱凝胶驱替作业的室内研究和现场应用成果。