化工项目环境影响评价工程分析的思考

本文通过实例分析,对化工项目环境影响评价工程分析的内容、方法等进行探讨.根据化工项目的特点,提出化工项目环境影响评价工程分析必须增加的内容和重点,以及在工程分析方法上要注意的问题.     

Is floating photovoltaic better than conventional photovoltaic? Assessing environmental impacts

Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy installations are growing all over the world as a promising renewable alternative to generate electricity. However, many studies have highlighted some drawbacks associated with the installation and operation of conventional solar energy power plants. Thus, floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems have been emerging as a new concept in solar energy to lessen negative environmental impacts caused by allocation of conventional PV facilities. This paper is an overview of the potential negative and positive environmental impacts caused by photovoltaic systems with particular interest on large-scale conventional and floating photovoltaic. This study addresses and compares the impacts at all phases of project implementation, which covers planning, construction, and operation and decommissioning, focusing on ambient located in the tropics. The overall impacts associated with project allocation such as deforestation (for the project implementation and site accessing), bird mortality, erosion, runoff, and change in microclimate are expected to have higher magnitudes for the implementation of conventional PV facilities. The results highlight advantages of FPV over conventional PV during the operational and decommissioning phases as well. Though, further studies are required to assess both qualitative and quantitative aspects of installations in similar areas.     

氯霉素酶联免疫分析方法的建立

以兔抗氯霉素多抗为包被抗体,氯霉素（CAP）辣根过氧化物酶连接物为标记物,四甲基联苯胺（TMB）为显色底物,建立了氯霉素直接竞争酶联免疫分析（CAP-EIA）方法.本方法灵敏度为0.046 μg /L,批内变异系数＜10%,批间变异系数＜24%,回收率62%～145%.用牛奶样品预处理所得上清液为稀释液做得稀释实验,相关方程为y=3.988x-0.234, 相关系数为0.999.标准曲线范围为0.1～10 μg /L.     

Comparative analysis of public participation in the EIA process for Thai overseas investment projects: Krabi coal terminal,Hongsa coal power plant,and Dawei special economic zone

While Thai overseas investment projects (TOIPs) have become a key form of development in the region, their environmental impact assessment (EIA) quality has been criticized. This research sought to analyze the differences in EIA practices in terms of public participation (PP) in two TOIPs – the Hongsa coal-fired power plant (Lao PDR) and the Dawei special economic zone (Myanmar) – versus a national-level project, the Krabi coal terminal. For Laos and Myanmar, which did not previously require PP, the Thai consultants did not apply the Thai PP framework, leading to poor public participation index (PPI) scores = 0.02, indicating a negligible PP process. However, the consultant on the Krabi coal terminal claimed to abide by the Thai regulations, yet the PPI scores claimed = 0.81 (substantive rationale), were quite different from those indicated by the affected villagers = 0.39 (instrumental rationale). These villagers’ concerns resulted in conflict between the affected villagers and project owners. Our findings have revealed the true necessity of PP regulation and systems to monitor consultant performance to ensure sustainability of TOIPs in neighboring countries.     

开发区区域环评与规划环评的比较研究

规划环评和区域环评有很多重复以及相似之处,但又各有不同或侧重点。然而,这一点在相关实践及环评报告编制过程中并没有很明确的体现,反而出现了混乱。因此,本文从评价内容、评价重点、评价对象、原则等方面对区域环评和规划环评进行比较,一方面通过比较能够进行更明确的区分,另一方面通过对比来预测开发区环评的未来趋势。     

环境非政府组织在环境影响评价中的作用探讨

概述了环境非政府组织的涵义、环境非政府组织的专业性优势和公益性优势,进一步分析了公众参与的主体和形式,以及公众在参与环境影响评价过程中存在的局限性,包括公众的环境意识不强、公众不能对项目发布信息进行有效加工、公众在参与环境影响评价决策过程中缺乏影响力。结合环境非政府组织的优势得出环境非政府组织在公众参与中可以发挥积极作用,主要为沟通桥梁作用、为普通公众提供技术信息支持、教育宣传作用、增强公众的影响力、后续监督作用。     

生态影响型建设项目环境影响评价中的工程分析

工程分析是建设项目环境影响评价的重要组成部分,文章对生态影响型建设项目环境影响评价的工程分析编制目的、原则、要点和方法进行了探讨,并提出了相应的建议。     

居住环境适宜性在房地产项目环评中的应用

房地产类开发项目环境管理是建设项目环境管理的重要内容之一。分析了此类项目环境影响评价的特点,筛选有关的评价因子、指标,采用适当的评价方法进行量化,提出了居住环境适宜性评价指标体系和评价方法,以期完善、充实房地产开发项目的环境影响评价体系和方法,并指导房地产开发项目环境影响评价工作。     

Incidence of adenoviruses in raw and treated water

Adenoviruses are of major public health importance and are associated with a variety of clinical manifestations, i.e. gastroenteritis, eye infections and respiratory infections. The importance of water in the epidemiology of adenoviruses and the potential health risks constituted by adenoviruses in water sources and supplies are widely recognised. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of human adenoviruses in raw and treated water systems. Various raw and treated water were routinely monitored for the presence of adenoviruses, over a 1-year period (July 2000-June 2001). The supplies were derived from acceptable quality surface water sources using treatment processes, which conform to international standards for the production of safe drinking water. Adenoviruses were detected by firstly amplifying the viruses in cell cultures and then amplifying the extracted nucleic acids of these viruses using molecular techniques (nested PCR). The results indicated human adenoviruses present in 13 (12.75%) of the raw and 9 (4.41%) of the treated water samples tested. The combination of cell culture and nested PCR has proved to be a quick and reliable method for the detection of adenoviruses in water environments.     

补办生态类建设项目的环境影响评价——以某水库除险加固工程为例

补办生态类建设项目的环境评价思路主要为查漏补缺,即加强现场踏勘,核实工程建设内容,调查工程环保措施落实情况,找出环境遗留问题,提出整改措施,力促环境效益最大化,并以某水库除险加固工程补办环评为实例进行说明。