A physically based approach to granular media mechanics: grain-scale experiments,initial results and implications to numerical modeling

It is generally appreciated that the mechanical behavior of granular media depends fundamentally on the interaction of the constituent particles, and that the validity of numerical models of granular media would be greatly improved with knowledge of the grain-scale mechanics. However, most supporting experimental work has been conducted on highly idealized materials, and a limited amount of information exists on grain-scale force–displacement relationships for naturally occurring materials. To address this shortcoming, we are conducting a program that integrates laboratory experiments on grains of naturally occurring aggregate with the discrete element modeling method, with the goal of relating the grain-scale physical and mechanical properties of granular media to bulk behavior. The paper describes the equipment and methods that have been developed to conduct close-loop controlled, grain-scale experiments under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions, and presents results from an initial set of experiments on unbonded grains. The implications of the grain-scale results to the discrete element model are discussed. Discussions center on the applicability of a physically based approach to the mechanics of granular media in general. In light of future exploration missions and the resulting need to predict the mechanical properties of lunar and planetary regoliths, the paper examines the potential usefulness of our physically based approach to the problem of predicting the behavior of the types of materials found in those environments.     

水平井地质导向技术的应用

应用地质录井综合技术在水平井中进行地质导向服务是油气勘探开发、钻井安全生产的需要。本文通过对录井技术在水平井中应用情况的分析研究,总结出水平井地质录井施工工艺流程和地质导向方法,为今后指导水平井安全钻井、达到钻探目的提供了技术保障。     

A framework for the future of urban underground engineering

A special and holistic approach is needed that captures aggregate attributes and emergent behaviors of the complex system of infrastructure systems in a region. Effective management of the impacts of future population growth, urbanization, and risks arising from continued evolution of our natural, physical and human/societal systems will require a systematic exploration and characterization of the urban subsurface, including much improved understanding and assessment of geologic risks. With recent cost escalations for underground construction projects, incentives are needed for the underground construction industry to develop and implement innovations in methods and technology, and smart integrated planning is needed to reduce costs both during construction and with life-cycle engineered design and operation of our subsurface facilities.The needed framework requires investigation of potential metrics that reflect the performance of aggregate functions of an urban environment so that we can holistically study system performance response under “normal” and “stressed” operation. Such a metric can support a cross-disciplinary exploration of urban resilience, and build knowledge as we develop and test theory and models that explore resilience of complex socio-technical systems. Econometrics with spatial and temporal granularity will help to understand the integrated functionality of our cities and to establish appropriate policies that will drive continuous improvement in the quality of urban life while providing natural, human, and physical urban environmental resilience. The underground in urban regions can become an important component of managing the increasing complexity of our physical systems, and can also make more significant contributions to improving the robustness and resilience of our future cities.     

中国地下储气库现状及技术发展方向

中国地下储气库建设经过多年探索,已经进入一个新的发展阶段。已经投产的11座地下储气库群设计工作气量达到180×10~8 m~3,在国内天然气调峰安全保供中发挥了重要作用。但国内地下储气库建设仍面临不少困难:①储气库工作气量增长速度慢,落后于调峰需求量增长的速度;②建设工程技术难度大,投资成本高;③安全运行压力大,风险识别和控制困难;④库址资源少,建库条件复杂;⑤尤其是在现有天然气价格体制下,储气库难以通过自身运营获得经营效益。究其原因,主要是已经形成的运营方式和建库技术尚不足以应对市场和复杂地质条件所带来的挑战。为破解这一系列难题,在开展市场化运作模式探索的同时,更需要加大技术攻关力度,加强研究地质评价与气藏工程、钻井完井工程、储气库注采工程、地面配套工艺及储气库完整性评价等多个方面的核心技术,大幅提高储气库建库效率,以促进我国地下储气库的可持续发展。     

利用观察穿孔岩(矿)粉圈定矿体的实践

矿山地质工作是一项实践性、综合性、技术性很强的工作。南芬铁矿地测部门在多年的生产实践中 ,根据其矿床成因和成矿规律 ,总结出一套成功的日常生产地质工作管理方法 ,其中 ,利用穿孔岩 (矿 )粉控制矿体的方法 ,经多年实践证明 ,简洁实用、准确可靠 ,经济合理、技术可行 ,很值得在全国同类金属露采矿山推广应用     

山东省地质图电子制图印色标准研制与实施

结合电子制图技术在地学领域的发展和应用，研制出地质图电子制图标准和四色印色标准，阐述了标准的基本内容，技术特点，该标准配套实施3年多来，提高了地质图标准化，电子化制印水平，缩短了成图周期。     

憎水有机物在水/土壤、沉积物体系中吸附与解吸

憎水有机物在水/沉积物体系中吸附与解吸的问题一直是环境化学与工程领域研究的热点问题,在过去30多年的研究中提出各种理论、模型和经验公式,通过总结过去的研究成果,指出存在的问题,提出今后需要解决的关键问题。     

地应力分析在老新地区油田开发中的应用

地应力是油气运移、聚集的动力之一.地应力作用引起的储层裂缝、断层及构造是油气运移、聚集的通道和场所。采用测井、岩心和地震资料,运用无源微地震法、地层倾角法、油藏动态法和综合裂缝储层描述软件对老新地区地应力进行深入分析,能够为油田开发方案部署、注采井网优化调整提供科学依据。     

试论管道建设中的地质灾害及工程对策

通过实例论述了管道工程中常见的几种地质灾害及其与之有关的自然地理地质环境，提出了评价的原则和相应的工程对策。     

准噶尔盆地莫索湾地区异常地层压力与油气聚集

准噶尔盆地腹部莫索湾地区盆参２井于４５００ｍ和５７００ｍ深处侏罗系内存在异常高压层。根据异常地层压力形成理论、烃类有机成因理论、油气分带模式，探讨了异常地层压力的成因：岩性封闭是先决条件，粘土矿物成岩后生期释放大量层间水，下侏罗统生油层进入低成熟阶段，造成流体增温增压，形成一温跃层，导致异常高压出现。受温压条件控制，勘探目的层侏罗系存在明显的油气分带性：封闭层之上为石油聚集带，之下为凝析油、天然气聚集带。４５００ｍ封闭层以上的侏罗系应是目前勘探的主要对象。