陆东凹陷油气藏烃类组成非均质性及其意义

陆东凹陷原油和油砂抽提物中烃类的宏观组成存在着明显的非均质性。在高孔隙度(>15%)储层单元中,饱和烃的含量高,占总组成的含量均大于40%,而极性化合物则相对较低,一般不足40%;相反,在低孔隙度(<15%)储层单元中,饱和烃的含量明显降低,而极性化合物则显著增加。此外,陆东凹陷原油和油砂抽提物中烃类成熟度亦存在着非均质性:在高孔隙度储层中,原油和油砂烃类的成熟度参数高,而在低孔隙度储层中原油和油砂烃类的成熟度参数低。根据原油和油砂抽提物中烃类的宏观组成特征和成熟度参数的变化规律,提出了陆东凹陷油气聚集模式。     

Hydrocarbon exploration risk evaluation through uncertainty and sensitivity analyses techniques

The evaluation of the exploration risk in the oil industry is a fundamental component of the decision process related to the exploratory phase. In this paper the two basic components of the exploratory risk: trap geometry and trapped hydrocarbon quantities (fluid), are compounded in a single coherent uncertainty and sensitivity approach. The results clarify that the model geometry influences each Petroleum System Modeling step and that the geometric uncertainty is correlated with the fluid uncertainty. The geometric uncertainty evaluation makes use of geostatistical techniques that produce a number of possible realizations of the trap geometry, all compatible with available data. The evaluation of the fluid uncertainty, through a Monte Carlo methodology, allows us to compute the possible quantities of oil and gas, generated in a basin and migrated from the hydrocarbon source location to each single trap. The final result is the probability distribution of oil and gas for each trap in the basin, together with other useful indicators like: the hydrocarbon filling probability map, the closure probability map, the drainage area probability map, the spilling paths probabilities, the trap-filling scenarios.     

Ru-catalyzed anode materials for direct hydrocarbon SOFCs

A solid oxide fuel cell using a thin ceria-based electrolyte film with a Ru-catalyzed anode was directly operated on hydrocarbons, including methane, ethane, and propane, at 600 °C. The role of the Ru catalyst in the anode reaction was to promote the reforming reaction of the unreacted hydrocarbons by the produced steam and CO₂, which avoided interference from steam and CO₂ in the gas-phase diffusion of the fuels. The resulting peak power density reached 750 mW cm⁻² with dry methane, which was comparable to the peak power density of 769 mW cm⁻² with wet (2.9 vol.% H₂O) hydrogen. More important was the fact that the cell performance was maintained at a high level regardless of the change in the methane utilization from 12 to 46% but was significantly reduced by increasing the hydrogen utilization from 13 to 42%. While the anodic reaction of hydrogen was controlled by the slow gas diffusion, the anodic reaction of methane was not subject to the onset of such a gas-diffusion process.     

应用烃类直接检测技术预测天然气藏

柴达木盆地位于青藏高原北部，是中国大型含油气盆地之一，历经４０年的勘探，发现了丰富的油气资源。柴达木盆地东部地区是第四纪沉降与沉积中心，区内第二系生储气岩厚度大、分布广、第四纪新构造运动形成的同生沉积构造发育、保存完整、具有形成大中型天然气田的地质条件。此外，由于该地区含气地层时代新、埋藏浅、成岩与胶结作用差、含气层厚度大、孔渗性好，加之构造条件简单，人文干扰小、是应用烃直接检测技术寻找天然气的有     

Speciation of the semivolatile hydrocarbon engine emissions from sunflower biodiesel

Biodiesel fuel is a very attractive alternative to conventional fuel and its effects in the engine performance and regulated emissions have been widely studied. However, the impact on unregulated individual compounds or chemical characteristics of exhaust emissions is not fully characterized. In this paper, the semivolatile fractions of the exhaust emissions of biodiesel blends and conventional fuel have been speciated. The results show great differences between the compounds emitted, especially regarding oxygenated and aromatic species. Likewise, there is a clear relationship between speciated hydrocarbons and other important emissions such as total hydrocarbons (HC), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic fraction (VOF) and mean particle diameter (Dm) of PM.     

利用计算机进行油气资源评价和勘探决策

本文着重介绍了构成《现代勘探决策理论系统》的5个主要计算机模块,即:生油岩热演化处理、求任意曲边形面积、数学模拟预测资源量、勘探经济评价分析及决策、辅助处理等模块。该系统曾在塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地的油气资源评价和勘探决策中发挥了作用,受到了专家和用户的好评。     

Characterization and tests of planar Co3O4 model catalysts prepared by chemical vapor deposition

The chemical vapor deposition method was used to deposit thin films of cobalt oxide starting with cobalt (II) acetylacetonate and oxygen. The deposition process was investigated and the obtained films were identified as a cubic spinel-type polycrystalline Co₃O₄ with a crystallite size of 30–40 nm. The coating was carbon-free and the surface oxygen concentration was measured to be 66 at.% with AES analysis. Smooth and highly uniform thin films were deposited on planar stainless steel substrates and subjected to TPR and catalysis tests that show positive correlation. The apparent activation energy of Co₃O₄ reduction to CoO was measured to be (33±5) kJ/mol. The catalytic activity of Co₃O₄ was investigated toward the conversion of both propane and ethanol to carbon dioxide. Though the catalytic action was registered at the same temperature, the deactivation process was seen to be different. The catalytic conversion of ethanol induces a fast deactivation process, which was linked to its high ability to reduce Co₃O₄.     

我国重液蜡生产及市场前景

介绍了国内重液蜡生产现状和市场情况 ,阐述了异丙醇 -尿素脱蜡优于分子筛脱蜡工艺的几个特点 ,并介绍了重液蜡在塑料业、洗涤业、皮革业和微生物方面的发展方向。     

The effect of synthesis gas composition on the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over Co/γ-Al2O3 and Co–Re/γ-Al2O3 catalysts

The Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over Co/γ-Al₂O₃ and Co–Re/γ-Al₂O₃ was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor at 20 bar and 483 K using feed gases with molar H₂/CO ratios of 2.1, 1.5 and 1.0 simulating synthesis gas derived from biomass. With lower H₂/CO ratios in the feed, the CO conversion and the CH₄ selectivity decreased, while the C₅₊ selectivity and olefin/paraffin ratio for C₂–C₄ increased slightly. The water–gas shift activity was low for both catalysts, resulting in high molar usage ratios of H₂/CO (close to 2.0), even at the lower inlet ratios (i.e. 1.5 and 1.0). For both catalysts, the drop in the production rate of hydrocarbons when shifting from an inlet ratio of 2.1 to 1.5 was significant mainly because the H₂/CO usage ratio did not follow the change in the inlet ratio. The hydrocarbon selectivities were rather similar for inlet H₂/CO ratios of 2.1 and 1.5, while significantly deviating from those for an inlet ratio of 1.0. With the studied catalysts, it is possible to utilize the advantages of an inlet ratio of 1.0 (higher selectivity to C₅₊, lower selectivity to CH₄, no water–gas shifting of the bio-syngas needed prior to the FT reactor) if a low syngas conversion is accepted.     

Gold supported on ceria and ceria–alumina promoted by molybdena for complete benzene oxidation

New gold–molybdena catalysts supported on ceria and ceria–alumina in reaction of complete benzene oxidation were studied. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, TPR, XPS and Raman spectroscopy. High and stable catalytic activity was established in the temperature region 200–240 °C. The presence of gold causes a modification in ceria structure leading to an increase of Ce³⁺ and oxygen vacancies formation. The loading of Al³⁺ increases additionally the oxygen vacancies, while a tendency of decrease of Ce³⁺ amount was observed. The presence of alumina results also in a larger share of active oxygen species proved by analysis of O 1s XPS spectra. The differences in the activities within the starting temperature range (150–180 °C) and in the region of 100% conversion (200–240 °C) could be explained by supposing that in the LT region the electron transfer between nanosized gold and ceria particles via oxygen vacancies has a crucial role. In the HT region the oxygen mobility, provoked by the defective structure of ceria due to the presence of Al³⁺, becomes of prevailing importance. It was also concluded that alumina prevents the gold and ceria agglomeration, which is the main factor to avoid deactivation under extreme reaction conditions.