The availability of daylight from tropical skies—a case study of Malaysia

In Malaysia, no long-term daylight data are measured. It was only recently that the need to measure the availability of daylight became urgent when the importance of daylighting in buildings was rediscovered. The hourly daylight availability has been simulated for the Malaysian sky using daylight modelling techniques based on empirical and measured solar irradiation and cloud cover data. This paper presents the techniques involved in producing exterior illuminance data. These data were then compared with measured illuminance at Shah Alam and Bangi, Malaysia. The global illuminance levels are generally high, with values exceeding 80,000 lux at noon during the months when solar irradiation is highest. Even during the months when the ground receives less solar irradiation, the peak illuminance can reach 60,000 lux. Applications and uses of such data are in daylighting design, both for visual and thermal comfort, task illuminance and energy-conscious design of buildings. Recommendations are made at the end of the paper on the various climatic data that are required to be measured for overall daylighting design applications.     

智能家居照明控制无线开关系统

设计了一种用于智能家居照明控制的可编程四路无线开关系统。该系统利用芯片组PT2262／2272实现编码一发射和接收一解码,采用AT89S52单片机对接收信号进行控制。此方案电路设计灵活,能充分利用系统软硬件资源,系统扩展性好,提供了一种廉价的智能家居照明控制解决方案。     

Effects of cricket ball colour and illuminance levels on catching behaviour in professional cricketers

In recent years there have been many alterations to equipment and technology in professional cricket, including the introduction of white balls during day — night matches. In the present study simulated slip-catching performance and movement initiation time were examined in professional cricketers when ball colour and illuminance levels differed. Five male professional cricketers (mean age: 27.3 ± 1.4 years) volunteered to catch a total of 60 cricket balls, 20 (10 red and 10 white) under each of three illuminance levels (571, 1143 and 1714 lux). Balls were projected from a ball machine at 20 m s^?1 (45 mph) over a distance of 8.4 m, to the subject's dominant side. Catching performance was measured using an established catching scale. Movement initiation times for each hand were also calculated for each trial using a motion-analysis system. Data were submitted to separate two-way (ball colour [2] × illuminance level [3]) repeated measures analysis of variance. No significant effects were obtained for ball colour or illuminance levels for either catching performance or movement initiation time. Neither ball colour nor light level (within the range tested) affected slip-catching performance and movement initiation times in professional cricketers. Therefore it was concluded that the changes made to ball colour and light conditions in professional cricket were not detrimental to catching performance.     

修订我国《城市道路照明设计标准》中的几个问题(之一)

本文重点讨论修订我国现行道路照明设计标准中碰到的路面亮(照)度水平问题以及交叉口等交会区的照明问题.     

有关建筑照明和照度水平设计与研究

概述了国内外有关商业建筑照度水平现状和相关的照度标准,综合了以平和堂商厦为代表的大型商场的照度水平的调研结果,提出了照度值的适当选取范围,并建议采用高效照明器具和高效节能电光源。     

REST2: High-performance solar radiation model for cloudless-sky irradiance, illuminance, and photosynthetically active radiation – Validation with a benchmark dataset

REST2, a high-performance model to predict cloudless-sky broadband irradiance, illuminance and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from atmospheric data, is presented. Its derivation uses the same two-band scheme as in the previous CPCR2 model, but with numerous improvements. Great attention is devoted to precisely account for the effect of aerosols, in particular.Detailed research-class measurements from Billings, OK are used to assess the performance of the model for the prediction of direct, diffuse and global broadband irradiance. These measurements were made in May 2003 during a sophisticated radiative closure experiment, which involved the best radiometric instrumentation currently available and many ancillary instruments. As a whole, these exceptional measurements constitute the only known modern benchmark dataset made specifically to test the intrinsic performance of radiation models. Using this dataset as reference, it is shown that REST2 performs better than CPCR2 for irradiance, illuminance or PAR predictions. The availability of the turbidity data required by REST2 or other similar models is also discussed, as well as the effect that turbidity has on each component of broadband irradiance, PAR irradiance and illuminance, and on the diffuse/global PAR ratio.     

谈谈走廊和楼梯间的照明设计

以工程设计中常用的布灯方式为例,采用点照度计算法详细计算了走廊和楼梯间正常照明和应急照明的照度。结果表明,工程设计中广泛采用的照明设计方式不能满足现行规范对走廊和楼梯间的照度要求,应急照明的照度也不能满足有关强制性条文的要求。     

简析消防应急照明和疏散指示系统的工程应用

论述消防应急照明和疏散指示系统在实际工程应用过程中系统产品选型、设置及维护环节普遍存在的问题，并提出相应的解决对策。     

A model for calculating global illuminance from satellite data

A model for calculating global illuminance on horizontal surfaces from meteorological satellite data was developed. The data used for developing the model are global illuminance measured at four solar monitoring stations situated in different parts of Thailand and 8-bit digital data from visible channel of GMS-5 satellite covering the whole country for the period of 1–2 years. Values of normalized global illuminance defined as a ratio of global illuminance to clear sky global illuminance were calculated. These values were used to correlate with those of cloud index derived from the satellite data. From the correlation, a model relating the normalized global illuminance to cloud index was established. The performance of this model was investigated using an independent illuminance data set. It was found that the global illuminance calculated from the model agreed well with that obtained from the measurement, with a root mean square difference of 5.38 klux or 7.0% of the mean values.     

Estimation of Luminous efficacy of daylight and exterior illuminance for composite climate of Indore city in Mid Western India

Daylighting is one of the basic components of passive solar building design and its estimation is essential. In India there are a few available data of measured illuminance as in many regions of the world. The Indian climate is generally clear with overcast conditions prevailing through the months of June to September, which provides good potential to daylighting in buildings. Therefore, an analytical model that would encompass the weather conditions of Indore was selected. Hourly exterior horizontal and slope daylight availability has been estimated for Indore using daylight modeling techniques based on solar radiation data.