Collective institutional work: the case of Airbnb in Amsterdam,London and New York

ABSTRACT

Given that online platforms disrupt established industries and challenge existing institutions, they can only be successful if their innovation becomes both legal and legitimate. This requires ‘institutional work’ that changes perceptions and regulations within society. Rather than only focussing on the online platform as the sole agent engaging in institutional work, our study analyses institutional work as a collective process. We investigate the case of home-sharing platform Airbnb and the process of institutional change its introduction prompted regarding short-term rental in Amsterdam, London and New York. We find, contrary to the popular view of online platforms as disruptive entrepreneurs, that the platform mainly focusses on creating new institutions rather than disrupting existing ones, and that users and non-users undertake most of the institutional work activities. We also show that different types of actors carry out different types of institutional work suggesting that the process of institutional work is highly distributed.     

实验室网络教学资源与人才培养创新理论的研究

实验室网络教学资源与人才培养创新理论的研究,要灵活多样,寻求多种途径,利用虚拟实验室及网络等现有资源,开展开放式实验实训和校外实训,利用远程教学,将实训教学与职业技能鉴定相结合,以网络资讯平台为基础,通过电视式校园媒体平台,以市场为导向的方针,规划人力资源,以就业为核心的现代化的传输手段,实现适应市场需求的各类人才的培养计划,努力建设一个以高校校园市场为基础的、完善的、能沟通企业、学校和学生的产、教、学信息平台。     

自升式海洋平台多桩腿同步控制的研究

该文针对多电机同步控制系统的参数时变、非线性以及容易受负载扰动等因素,提出了基于相邻交叉耦合结构的BP神经网络PID控制算法,在Mathb/Simulink环境下搭建了多电机同步控制系统仿真模型.为实现自升式海洋平台升降过程的同步控制,在自升式海洋平台升降控制系统中引入了基于相邻交叉耦合结构的BP神经网络PID控制算法,经试运行表明,海洋平台升降过程中,同步性能好、系统可靠性高、结构简单、完全能够满足海洋平台的平稳升降要求.     

基于OPS的计算流体力学软件多平台自动并行

当前高性能计算机体系结构呈现多样性特征,给并行应用软件开发带来巨大挑战.采用领域特定语言OPS对高阶精度计算流体力学软件HNSC进行面向多平台的并行化,使用OPS API实现了代码的重构,基于OPS前后端自动生成了纯M PI、OpenM P、M PI+OpenM P和M PI+CUDA版本的可执行程序.在一个配有2块Intel Xeon CPU E5-2660 V3 CPU和1块NVIDIA Tesla K80 GPU的服务器上的性能测试表明,基于O PS自动生成的并行代码性能与手工并行代码的性能可比甚至更优,并且O PS自动生成的GPU并行代码相对于其CPU并行代码有明显的性能加速.测试结果说明,使用OPS等领域特定语言进行面向多平台的计算流体力学并行软件开发是一种可行且高效的途径.     

Ongoing verification of a multiphysics community code: FLASH

When developing a complex, multi‐authored code, daily testing on multiple platforms and under a variety of conditions is essential. It is therefore necessary to have a regression test suite that is easily administered and configured, as well as a way to easily view and interpret the test suite results. We describe the methodology for verification of FLASH, a highly capable multiphysics scientific application code with a wide user base. The methodology uses a combination of unit and regression tests and an in‐house testing software that is optimized for operation under limited resources. Although our practical implementations do not always comply with theoretical regression‐testing research, our methodology provides a comprehensive verification of a large scientific code under resource constraints.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一个浮点数学函数库测试平台

数学函数库作为CPU软件的重要组成部分,对于高性能计算机平台上的科学计算、工程数值计算起着极为关键的作用.现有的测试工具只能片面地对函数库进行测试,没有从正确性、精度和函数性能这3方面加以考虑,而且往往只针对一类目标体系结构,适用性有限.针对现有测试工具的缺陷,提出了面向多目标体系结构、全面可复用的一体化测试平台BMltest(basic math library test).测试平台结合函数特征值、IEEE-754特殊数以及利用浮点数生成规则实现的全浮点域指数分布的IEEE-754规范数构造了测试集,有效提高了测试集浮点数的覆盖率;提出了基于多精度库MPFR(multiple-precision floating-point reliable library)的精度测试方法,提高了精度测试的可靠性;提出了基于代码隔离的性能测试方法,最大限度地降低了外部环境对性能测试的干扰.针对大量的浮点测试结果,给出了合理的结果评价方案.测试平台使用的测试集数据与函数做到了相关性的极大分离,保证了测试方法的普适性.通过对包括GNU,Open64及Mlib函数库内所有855个函数的测试结果表明:BMltest平台的测试数据集更全面、有效,精度测试方法更可靠;与其他测试平台相比,性能测试结果更准确、稳定.     

浅论可信计算机平台密钥管理

可信计算机密码支撑平台可以提供一种可靠性高、可用性强的软硬件计算机平台,其利用可信平台模块,以密码学技术为基础,以操作系统为核心,利用相应的加解密技术以及认证技术来提高系统的安全性。本文就针对可信计算机平台密钥管理技术展开讨论。     

Characterizing the role of Weibo and WeChat in sharing original information in a crisis

Strategically differentiated managerial evidence of different social media platforms is of great importance to enhance crisis communication processes by balancing their strengths and weaknesses. This study aims to uncover the platform-specific situational information-sharing characteristics by differentiating the major types of information published in Weibo and WeChat during different phases of a crisis. The subject of the study is the Changsheng fake vaccine crisis which happened in China in 2018. Multiple supervised machine learning and topic modelling methods are used for the characterization of situational information types of the crisis during three phases in both platforms. Our study found that WeChat shares more situational information such as notifications, caution and advice, and criticizing information, whereas Weibo shares more emotional support and help-seeking information. This study provides social media analytics and empirical evidence of platform-specific situational information-sharing characteristics to aid authorities/researchers for better crisis communication and public emergency management.     

Skin-like Omnidirectional Stretchable Platform with Negative Poisson's Ratio for Wearable Strain–Pressure Simultaneous Sensor

Conventional elastomeric polymers used as substrates for wearable platforms have large positive Poisson's ratios (≈0.5) that cause a deformation mismatch with human skin that is multidirectionally elongated under bending of joints. This causes practical problems in elastomer-based wearable devices, such as delamination and detachment, leading to poorly reliable functionality. To overcome this issue, auxetic-structured mechanical reinforcement with glass fibers is applied to the elastomeric film, resulting in a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), which is a skin-like stretchable substrate (SLSS). Several parameters for determining the materials and geometrical dimensions of the auxetic-structured reinforcing fillers are considered to maximize the NPR. Based on numerical simulation and digital image correlation analysis, the deformation tendencies and strain distribution of the SLSS are investigated and compared with those of the pristine elastomeric substrate. Owing to the strain-localization characteristics, an independent strain-pressure sensing system is fabricated using SLSS with a Ag-based elastomeric ink and a carbon nanotube-based force-sensitive resistor. Finally, it is demonstrated that the SLSS-based sensor platform can be applied as a wearable device to monitor the physical burden on the wrist in real time.