改进对氨基苯酚质量的途径

讨论了硝基苯催化加氢和电解还原制备对氨基苯酚过程中杂质的形成机理,提出了减少杂质形成和除去杂质的方法。使得对氨基苯酚质量符合制药要求。     

Catalytic Degradation of Nitrobenzene and Aniline in Presence of Ozone by Magnesia from Natural Mineral

In this work, magnesia from natural brucite mineral has been used firstly for catalytic degradation of nitrobenzene and aniline in presence of ozone. Compared with single ozonation, the catalytic ozonation accelerated markedly the degradation of nitrobenzene and aniline. The influences of hydroxyl radical scavengers, pH values, and reaction temperatures on degradation were investigated. It was found that the essential of catalysis was the homogeneous catalysis of hydroxyl ions in water, which accelerated the generation of hydroxyl radicals. As a catalyst, magnesia from natural brucite has supplied an economical and feasible choice for catalytic ozonation of nitrobenzene and aniline in industrial wastewater.     

超声波降解水中硝基苯研究

通过超声波、超声-H2O2、超声一Fealmon 试剂降解含硝基苯废水的试验,探讨了频率、声强、H2O2的投加量以及Fonton反应的最佳pH值等对硝基苯降解效果的影响.试验结果表明：当硝基苯浓度为 367 mg/L、频率为 40 kHz时、作用时间为 6 min,用超声波单独处理,硝基苯去除率效果只有30%;采用超声-H2O2联合技术可使硝基苯降解率明显提高,硝基苯降解率为62%;超声-Feaaton试剂处理效果最佳,在相同处理条件下,当pH=3时,硝基苯的降解率可达到86%.     

UV/Fenton法处理硝基苯废水的试验研究

以自配硝基苯水样为处理对象,采用自制光反应器,用还原-偶氮光度法测定出水中硝基苯的含量,再计算出硝基苯的去除率,然后比较分析各反应的去除效果。研究表明,UV/Fenton法有较高的去除率和反应速率,反应时间、投加量和硝基苯浓度三因素影响最大。试验确定了最佳反应条件:倍数应在1.5左右;Fe2 与H2O2的摩尔比为1∶30;pH值宜选在4左右;硝基苯的质量浓度不宜大于200mg/L;载气在该反应中的作用不大;反应时间为50 min。在最佳反应条件下,去除率可达到95%。     

Aerobic degradation of nitrobenzene by immobilization of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in polyurethane foam

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Z1 capable of degrading nitrobenzene was immobilized in polyurethane foam. The nitrobenzene-degrading capacity of immobilized cells was compared to free cells in batches in shaken culture. Effects of pH and temperature on the nitrobenzene degradation showed that polyurethane-immobilized Z1 had higher tolerances toward acid, alkali, and heat than those of free cells. Kinetic studies revealed that higher concentrations of nitrobenzene were better tolerated and more quickly degraded by polyurethane-immobilized Z1 than by free cells. Moreover, the ability of polyurethane-immobilized Z1 to resist nitrobenzene shock load was enhanced. Experiments on the nitrobenzene degradation in different concentrations of NaCl and in the presence of phenol or aniline demonstrated that polyurethane-immobilized Z1 exhibited higher tolerance toward salinity and toxic chemicals than those of free cells. Immobilization therefore could be a promising method for treating nitrobenzene industrial wastewater. This is the first report on the degradation of nitrobenzene by a polyurethane-immobilized yeast strain.     

Combining continuous catalytic regenerative naphtha reformer with thermally coupled concept for improving the process yield

Advancements in the catalytic naphtha reforming process, as one of the main processes in petrochemical industry, contributed to development of continuous catalytic regenerative naphtha reformer units. Increasing the yield of aromatic and hydrogen as well as saving the energy in this process through the application of thermal coupling technique is a potentially interesting idea. This novel idea has been assessed in this paper. In the proposed configuration, continuous catalyst regeneration naphtha reforming process is coupled with hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in a two co-axial reactor separated by a solid wall, where the generated heat in nitrobenzene hydrogenation reaction transfers to naphtha reforming reaction medium through the surface of the tube. A steady-state, homogeneous, two-dimensional model is used to describe the performance of this configuration and a kinetic model including 32 pseudo-components with 84 reactions is considered for naphtha reforming reaction. After validating the model with the commercial data of a domestic plant, the obtained results of coupled reactor are compared by the conventional one. The obtained results show the superiority of CCR coupled reactor against the conventional one.     

对氨基苯酚的电解合成研究及其经济分析

硝基苯电解合成对氨基苯酚(PAP)的试验表明,当槽电压为4.40V,电流效率达71.4%时,硝基苯转化率为97.6%,PAP收率达74%,直流电单耗为6.1kWh(kg·PAP)~(-1);合成的样品经高效液相色谱、红外和紫外光谱等分析,含量在96%以上,且无发现异构体和杂质峰.据此,进行了硝基苯电解合成PAP的经济分析.     

电化学处理硝基苯废水的研究

研究了电化学对硝基苯废水的降解作用。对电极材料进行了选择,做了各个电解因素的单因素实验,对不同电解质进行了比较,通过HPLC测定硝基苯含量以及COD含量的测定。结果表明铁阳极的电解效果最好;最佳电解条件下硝基苯的去除率达到100%。另外,对电解机理进行了初步探讨。     

EXCESS GIBBS ENERGY FOR THE BINARY MIXTURES OF NITROBENZENE WITH SOME HYDROCARBONS AT 94.95 KPA

Bubble point temperatures at 94.95 kPa, over the entire composition range, are measured for the binary mixtures of nitrobenzene with: cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-decane, and o-, m-, and p-xylenes, using a Swietoslawski-type ebulliometer. Liquid phase composition versus bubble point temperature measurements are well represented by the Wilson model. Computed values of the excess Gibbs energy are presented and discussed.     

Mathematical modeling of a multi-stage naphtha reforming process using novel thermally coupled recuperative reactors to enhance aromatic production

In this study, a novel thermally coupled reactor containing the naphtha reforming process in the endothermic side and the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline in the exothermic side has been investigated. Considering the higher thermal efficiency as well as the smaller size of the reactor, utilizing the recuperative coupled reactor is given priority. In this novel configuration, the first and the second reactor of the conventional naphtha reforming process have been substituted by the recuperative coupled reactors which contain the naphtha reforming reactions in the shell side, and the hydrogenation reaction in the tube side. The achieved results of this simulation have been compared with the results of the conventional fixed-bed naphtha reforming reactors. Acceptable enhancement can be noticed in the performance of the reactors. The production rate of the high octane aromatics and the consumption rate of the paraffins have improved 17% and 72%, respectively. The conversion of the nitrobenzene is acceptable and the effect of the number of the tubes also has been taken into account. However, the performance of the new configuration needs to be tested experimentally over a range of parameters under practical operating conditions.