Income, Time Effects and Direct Preferences in a Multimodal Choice Context: Application of Mixed RP/SP Models with Non-Linear Utilities

Transport problems typically involve at least two types of constraints, on income and on time. Therefore, the indirect utility function depends either on the income available after having subtracted the cost of the discrete alternative and on the free time left after having worked and travelled by each competing option. In the typical linear-in-the-attributes and in-the-parameters specification, that represents the first grade approximation of the indirect utility function, the effect of income and time constraints cancel out and only the cost and time of the alternatives matter in the comparison between them. From a microeconomic point of view this is equivalent to assume that income and time effects could be disregarded; which is not always the case. To account for these effects the utility function should include second order attributes; however, in non-linear utility functions it may not be easy to distinguish among several effects that could be relevant: direct preferences for good and leisure, and simple interactions between attributes other than income and time effects. This paper analyses these effects from a theoretical point of view focusing on the possible confounding problem in detecting income and time effects. We use a dataset collected for a modal choice context and containing both revealed and stated preference data, and estimate several NL models examining the effect of the different second-order terms on detecting income and time effects. We compared specifications including square cost and time attributes, interactions between time and cost, cost divided by the income available to be spent on free time, and time multiplied by free time. Our results confirm the strong effect of direct preferences for goods and leisure time on choice, and the potential confounding effect between quadratic attributes and other non-linear omitted terms. Finally, we also found that care should be taken in highlighting income and time effects using mixed data sources, since confounding effects can occur when non-linearities are accounted for in both data sets.     

被动累积~(222)Rn-~(222)Rn探测器

本文采用 2只扩散杯 ,一只选择渗透率较大的滤膜 ,使2 2 2 Rn和2 2 0 Rn能很容易的进入。另一只选择渗透率较小的滤膜 ,该滤膜只允许2 2 2 Rn进入 ,半衰期较短的2 2 0 Rn被阻挡在外面。通过不同滤膜扩散率的差异 ,改变探测器的空气交换率 ,从而达到同时测量2 2 2 Rn和2 2 0 Rn的目的     

Rapid Prototyping and Tooling of Custom-Made Tracheobronchial Stents

Rapid prototyping (RP) and rapid tooling (RT) techniques can be applied to the field of medicine primarily because of their ability to produce customised profiles and geometries in relatively short lead times. In this paper, the process by which these techniques can be applied for the production of customised tracheobronchial stents for the purpose of maintaining patency in an occluded respiratory tract is described. A comparison of RP systems was carried out to establish the preferred RP method to produce the master model. The vacuum casting RT process was then used to produce the stent.     

220kV线路工程滑坡地质灾害危险性分析

文章介绍了喜德县红莫升压站-鲁基升压站220kV线路工程滑坡地质灾害危险性现状评估和预测评估,确定了评估区内滑坡地质灾害对工程的影响,以及工程建设加剧已有滑坡地质灾害的危险性和自身可能遭受已存在滑坡地质灾害的危险性。据此评估结果,为工程在建设过程中提出了具体的防治处理措施建议。     

基于CAD/CAE/CAM/RP的复杂陶瓷产品快速制造技术

针对目前手工方式的卫生洁具等复杂陶瓷产品的研发过程,借鉴CAD/CAE/CAM/RP技术在其它制造行业中应用的成功经验,将这些先进制造技术应用于卫生洁具等复杂陶瓷产品的研发中;CAD用于设计产品和模具的模型,CAE用于模拟洁具冲水过程和分析冲水性能,RP用于制作洁具产品的原型,CAM用于加工试用石膏工作模具。就这些技术的应用提出了两种主要方案,并分析了各自的特点。经过实际应用表明:先进制造技术的应用能大大缩短产品研发周期、提高产品质量、降低开发成本。     

湿度对CR-39固体核径迹探测器测量^220Rn／^222Rn水平的影响研究

在可调控温度、湿度及氡浓度的南华大学氡实验室对不同的湿度条件下CR-39固体核径迹探测器测量^220Rn、^222Rn的探测效率进行了测定,分析了湿度对CR-39固体核径迹探测器测量^220Rn、^222Rn探测效率的影响．实验结果表明：相对湿度在35％-95％范围内,当湿度为50％左右时,CR-39固体核径迹探测器测^222Rn,探测效率最高,标准偏差为2．0％;相对湿度在30％-100％范围内,当湿度为75％时,CR-39固体核径迹探测器测^220Rn的探测效率最低,标准偏差达到78．4％．     

RP/RE技术与比例式设计

RP/RE制造技术与设计美学的有机结合,形成了具有竞争力和规模化的设计业,提高了企业创新设计和产品市场开发的能力.运用RP/RE技术得到实体模型,再以设计美学原则对其进行分析、数据处理、美化形态,促进产品开发、研制和销售.工业产品的形态比例关系,受诸多因素的制约.分析了传统的比例设计方法的缺陷与不足,介绍比例式设计的原理、方法及其具体应用.表明比例式设计具有数理性强,计算方便、简捷,容易掌握的特点.而且能根据功能要求、技术参数和使用对象等因素,迅速找出产品的最佳比例值,有效地解决功能和形式之间的协调关系.     

Energietransport über weite Strecken

If the regenerative energy that can be produced in a country is not sufficient for the successful implementation of the energy transition, one possible solution could be the purchase of regeneratively produced electricity from countries particularly favored by meteorology. This article examines five different technologies for energy transport. The electricity is generated once in a photovoltaic system and once in a wind turbine park. The investments in the transmission technologies sometimes exceed the investments in the power generation technologies many times over. According to the available results, without considering storage, the wind turbine system, although it is specifically more expensive than the photovoltaic system, always leads to lower electricity generation costs after the energy transport. The reason is the higher number of full load hours of the wind turbine.     

基于RP原型的电弧喷涂快速模具制造技术研究

基于RP原型的电弧喷涂快速模具制造工艺是一项模具制造新技术。本文介绍了这种工艺的原理和方法。并重点讨论了该制模技术的关键。