Determination of heavy metals and volatile aromatic compounds in used engine oils and sludges

Assessment of contaminant releases during utilization of used oils is essential for the determination of environmental acceptability. These paper reports the results of the study examining a toxic metal leachability from used engine oil and sludge samples employing leaching test (TCLP). The leaching test indicated that lead in oil samples exceeded 5-ppm concentration level what qualified them as a toxic waste. The samples of contaminated sludge were found to contain high concentration of total lead, barium and chromium, but the leaching test showed concentration below regulatory limit. The total content of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes (BETX), and naphthalene in used oil and sludge samples was also determined and was found not to be a significant factor to contamination.     

废塑料配煤炼焦的小焦炉试验

废塑料经分类、筛选和制粒后，用小焦炉进行配煤炼焦试验，结果表明，对焦炭强度的影响不大，还可增加炼焦化学产品的产率，但废塑料的配比宜控制在2％以下。     

Conversion of used vegetable oils to liquid fuels and chemicals over HZSM-5, sulfated zirconia and hybrid catalysts

Thailand’s food manufacturing uses about 47 Million liters per year of vegetable oil. Used vegetable oil is classified as waste, but has potential for conversion into liquid fuel. This research studied the catalytic conversion of used vegetable oil to liquid fuel, where investigation was performed in a batch microreactor over a temperature range of 380–430 °C, initial pressure of hydrogen gas over 10–20 bars, and reaction time of 45–90 minutes. Catalysts such as HZSM-5, Sulfated Zirconia and hybrid of HZSM-5 with Sulfated Zirconia were used to determine the conversion and yield of gasoline fraction. The major products obtained were liquid products, hydrocarbon gases and small amounts of solids. Liquid products were analyzed by simulated distillation gas chromatograph and the product distribution was obtained. Hybrid catalyst HZSM-5 with Sulfated Zirconia showed the highest yield of gasoline with a 26.57 wt% at a temperature of 430 °C, initial hydrogen pressure at 10 bars, and reaction time of 90 minutes in the ratio of hybrid HZSM-5 with Sulfated Zirconia at 0.3: 0.7.     

Hydrogen production from used lubricating oils

Used lubricating oils (lube oils) are generated throughout the year and collected in central locations in many communities. Disposing lube oil in an improper manner contaminates environment to a great degree. Used lube oil can be valuable as a re-refined lubricant or as an energy source. Lube oil is a complex mixture of aliphatic and polycyclic hydrocarbons formulated to withstand high service temperatures in internal combustion engines. Both synthetic and mineral oils contain a high concentration of hydrogen (about 13–14 wt%). At the Florida Solar Energy Center, we have developed a process that converts lube oils to hydrogen and other valuable low molecular weight hydrocarbons. The lube oil reformation experiments were carried out using several commercially available dehydrogenation catalysts at a range of reactor temperatures and pressures, residence times and steam to carbon ratios. In this paper, the data obtained to date and the results are presented and discussed.     

基于PLC及MCGS组态软件的海水源热泵空调控制系统

本文作者结合我国首个以海水为能源的空调系统，利用可编程控制器（PLC）和MCGS组态软件完成了对系统的电气控制的设计，并且在实际的应用中取得了很好的效果。     

Characterization and photo-Fenton treatment of used tires leachate

In this study the leachates derived from used tires were firstly characterized by means of the evaluation of their organic matter content. The leachate from tire powder presented a COD value of 508 mg O(2) l(-1) and a TOC of 214 mg Cl (-1). The main identified organic substances were constituents of the rubber structure: benzothiazole derivatives, phthalates, phenolic derivatives, hydrocarbons and fatty acids. The application of photo-Fenton treatment was investigated in order to obtain the maximum organic matter removal. When a solar chamber as light source was used (light intensity=500 Wm(-2)), the best operational conditions were the following: [H(2)O(2)]=3703 mg l(-1), [Fe(2+)]=92.1 mg l(-1), initial pH 2.7-3.0, reaction time=100 min. After the photo-Fenton treatment at optimum conditions, the reached COD and TOC reduction was 64% and 48%, respectively. The main initial organic substances were eliminated after the reaction and no significant by-products were identified. A complementary treatment consisted of coagulation-flocculation carried out with FeCl(3) x 6H(2)O at pH 12 produced a maximum organic matter removal of 43% as COD and 39% as TOC. A combination of photo-Fenton followed by coagulation-flocculation enhanced the organic matter removal: a reduction of 77% of COD and 64% of TOC was attained.     

基于LRU和扩展CBF的网络大流检测

高速网络流量检测中的大流检测已成为当前一种重要的、高效准确的可扩展流量测量机制,针对CBF（Count Bloom Filter）容易溢出的问题,将扩展的CBF应用于流量测量,防止过滤器溢出,并且结合LRU链表存储机制,共同应用于网络大流检测之中。经理论分析,所研究的流量测量算法LRU_MCBF（Least Recently Used_Multiple Count Bloom Filter）占用空间小,时间复杂度低;通过仿真实验验证了LRU_MCBF在大流测量中漏报率和错报率较低,能实现高速网络环境下大流对象的准确提取。     

浅论铝用预焙阳极高温混捏成型新技术

本文系统阐述了铝用预焙阳极高温混涅成型新技术的产生背景、工艺技术路线研究及应用探讨,并结合相关数据论述了该新技术的成功运用。     

养老保险基金管理中需加强的几个问题

养老保险基金工作是建立健全社会保障体系，发展市场经济、维护社会稳定的需要。因此，党中央、国务院高度重视养老保险基金的管理工作，文章从六个方面论述了养老保险基金管理中应需加强的问题。