Bioactivity of Phenanthrenes from Juncus acutus on Selenastrum capricornutum

Twenty-five 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes, four phenanthrenes, a dihydrodibenzoxepin, and a pyrene, isolated from the wetland plant Juncus acutus, were tested to detect their effects on the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Nine of the compounds were isolated and identified for the first time. Most of the compounds caused inhibition of algal growth. The 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes 1, 5, 21, and 22 were the most active.     

酸催化合成烷基化油的研究进展

综述了分别以硫酸、氢氟酸等无机酸、固体酸和离子液体为催化剂合成烷基化油的最新研究进展,并对这些催化剂的结构和酸性能对烷基化油的组成和性质的影响规律进行了分析和评述。指出离子液体作为绿色催化剂用于烷基化油的合成表现出易与产物分离、催化活性高、烷基化产物中C8组分含量高、辛烷值高等突出优点,是较有应用前景的烷基化油合成用催化剂。     

3D Printing Thermally Stable High-Performance Polymers Based on a Dual Curing Mechanism

High-performance polymers are an important class of materials that are used in challenging conditions, such as in aerospace applications. Until now, 3D printing based on stereolithography processes can not be performed due to a lack of suitable materials. There is report on new materials and printing compositions that enable 3D printing of objects having extremely high thermal resistance, with Tg of 283 °C and excellent mechanical properties. The printing is performed by a low-cost Digital Light Processing printer, and the formulation is based on a dual-cure mechanism, photo, and thermal process. The main components are a molecule that has both epoxy and acrylate groups, alkylated melamine that enables a high degree of crosslinking, and a soluble precursor of silica. The resulting objects are made of hybrid materials, in which the silicon is present in the polymeric backbone and partly as silica enforcement particles.     

发动机油非磷抗氧、抗磨、减摩添加剂协同研究

降低发动机油的磷含量，提高燃料经济性，延长使用寿命，已是润滑油升级换代大势所趋。为了降低磷的含量，必须减少二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZnDDP）的使用，而二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌（ZnDDC）是ZnDDP最理想的替代物。为了提高油品的燃料经济性，需要加入有机钼摩擦改进剂，其中，不含硫磷的钼酸酯添加剂，因其良好的减摩保持性，其应用更为突出。为了满足更苛刻的油品高温性能要求，还必须加入烷基化二苯胺类抗氧剂（ADPA）。因此有必要对非活性钼、ZnDDC和ADPA之间相互作用进行考察。研究表明，在非活性有机钼、ZnDDC、ADPA的三元添加剂体系中，存在着三种相互配合的协同作用：ZnDDC与非活性有机钼的抗磨协同。非活性有机钼与ADPA的抗氧化协同，以及ZnDDC与ADPA的抗氧化协同。利用非活性有机钼、ZnDDC、ADPA的三元非磷协同复合体系（OD0401），可以大幅度提高油品的抗氧化性能、减摩性能和抗磨性能，这对发展低磷含量的GF-4和GF-5发动机润滑油具有十分积极的意义。利用该协同复合添加剂OD0401，还可以有效地提高低档发动机油的抗氧化和抗磨性能。     

Perfluorinated alkylated substances in the aquatic environment: An Austrian case study

Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) are of global interest due to their occurrence and persistency in the environment. This study includes surface waters and sediments for the analysis of eleven PFAS. The PFAS studied can be grouped in perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFS) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (PFSA). The two most important compounds are perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). These two substances showed the most significant values for surface water samples with maximum concentrations of 21 ng l⁻¹ for PFOA and 37 ng l⁻¹ for PFOS. Sediment samples from seven Austrian lakes and the river Danube were studied. Whereas PFSA and PFS were not detected in any sediment sample PFCAs were detected in most of the lake samples in concentrations up to 1.7 μg kg⁻¹ dry wt. PFOA, perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) were detected in all Danube river sediment samples in concentrations varying from 0.1 up to 5.1 μg kg⁻¹ dry wt. For the various sampling points the proportional mass flows deriving from wastewater discharges were calculated. Whereas only up to 10% of the average flow is discharged wastewater up to more than 50% of the PFAS mass flows in the rivers can be attributed to wastewater discharges. Besides wastewater different other pathways as emissions from point sources, further degradation of precursor products, runoff from contaminated sites or surface runoff as well as dry and wet deposition have to be considered as relevant sources for PFAS contamination in surface waters.     

Alkylated naphthalenes as high‐performance synthetic fluids

The physical and chemical properties for a series of structurally well‐defined, alkylated naphthalenes have been compared. Structural characteristics, such as the alkyl chain length, alkyl chain branching, and number of alkyl groups on the naphthalene ring, have been correlated with physical properties, such as viscosity, viscosity index, pour point, and aniline point. The thermo‐oxidative stability of the alkylated naphthalenes was evaluated by the rotating pressure vessel oxidation test (RPVOT), a bulk oxidation test (BOT), and pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC). Although all of the alkylated naphthalenes showed better thermo‐oxidative stability than other traditional hydrocarbon‐based fluids, the relative performance of the structurally different alkylated naphthalenes was found to be test dependent. Initial RPVOT studies with a linear polyalkylated naphthalene show that it gives good additive response to the incorporation of traditional antioxidants.     

烷基化技术与经济

介绍在油价高企时期烷基化装置的重要性以及国内外烷基化油的生产情况,分析了烷基化装置在国内发展不足的原因;介绍烷基化技术的历史沿革以及以清洁生产为主线的国内外最新技术进展;针对目前烷基化装置的经济效益问题,以240 kt/a烷基化装置为例,依据中石化技术经济评价方法,烷基化油作为汽油调合组分,计算得出烷基化油价格与原料液化石油气价差为2 981 RMB$/t(含税)时,项目的税后财务内部收益率可达到基准值13%,若扣除消费税因素的影响,价差只需1 357 RMB$/t(含税)即可达到内部收益率基准值;指出在液化石油气充足地区,以液化石油气为原料生产烷基化油,具有一定的经济效益,同时随着天然气在民用燃料领域的广泛使用,液化石油气与汽油的差价将不断扩大,烷基化装置的发展将有更大的空间。     

煤矿区地表土中烷基多环芳烃的定量方法研究

我国土壤中关于美国EPA优先控制的16种母体多环芳烃(16PAHs)的分析方法已较成熟且得到广泛应用,而针对烷基多环芳烃(a-PAHs)的测试和定量方法研究则较少.本研究建立了二氯甲烷超声萃取、净化,气相色谱-串联质谱法全扫描模式同时测定土壤中51种a-PAHs及16PAHs的方法.通过分析质量色谱图和质谱图,并结合N...     

烷基二苯并噻吩——烃源岩热演化新指标

烃源岩热演化程度是判断一个盆地是否具备生油能力的重要指标,因此烃源岩的热成熟度是石油工作者研究的重点。二苯并噻吩由于具有对称的分子结构,因此具有很宽的热成熟范围,而且由于其在各类烃源岩中的广泛分布,如果二苯并噻吩系列化合物随热演化变化而发生规律性的变化,则其不失为一个良好的成熟度指标。通过对巴彦浩特盆地石炭系的系统取样和分析,发现4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩、2,4-二甲基二苯并噻吩、1,4-二甲基二苯并噻吩随石炭系埋深增加而规律性变化。初步的研究表明,二苯并噻吩系列化合物随热成熟度增高而变化的规律性很强,并且与镜质体反射率间存在着良好的线性关系。因此,二苯并噻吩系列化合物可能在烃源岩成 熟度研究中有着很好的应用前景。     

二苯胺烷基化催化剂的改性及其应用

针对现有二苯胺烷基化生产工艺中白土催化剂用量大、废渣多、产品携带多、污染严重的缺点,利用合适浓度的酸对白土催化剂进行改性,在保证催化剂裂解能力的情况下,提高了催化剂的烷基化能力。对改性催化剂性能进行分析,确定了改性催化剂的实际使用条件,并在工业装置上进行了验证,得到理化指标、抗氧性能与现有产品相当的工业品,表明改进后的催化剂能够满足现有工艺的需要,并达到了降低污染、提高产量和效益的目的。