Saved by the blush: Being trusted despite defecting.

This study examined whether blushing after a sociomoral transgression remediates trustworthiness in an interdependent context. Participants (N = 196) played a computerized prisoner's dilemma game with a virtual opponent who defected in the second round of the game. After the defection, a photograph of the opponent was shown, displaying a blushing or a nonblushing face. In a subsequent Trust Task, the blushing opponent was entrusted with more money than the nonblushing opponent. In further support of the alleged remedial properties of the blush, participants also indicated that they trusted the blushing opponent more, expected a lower probability that she would defect again, and judged the blushing opponent more positively. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Young children's responses to guilt displays.

Displaying guilt after a transgression serves to appease the victim and other group members, restore interpersonal relationships, and indicate the transgressors' awareness of and desire to conform to the group's norms. We investigated whether and when young children are sensitive to these functions of guilt displays. In Study 1, after 4- and 5-year-old children watched videos of transgressors either displaying guilt (without explicitly apologizing) or not displaying guilt, 5-year-olds appropriately inferred that the victim would be madder at the unremorseful transgressor and would prefer the remorseful transgressor. They also said that they would prefer to interact with the remorseful transgressor, judged the unremorseful transgressor to be meaner, and, in a distribution of resources task, gave more resources to the remorseful transgressor. The 4-year-olds did not draw any of these inferences and distributed the resources equally. However, Study 2 showed that 4-year-olds were able to draw appropriate inferences about transgressors who explicitly apologized versus those who did not apologize. Thus, 4-year-olds seem to know the appeasement functions that explicit apologies serve but only when children have reached the age of 5 years do they seem to grasp the emotions that apologies stand for, namely, guilt and remorse, and the appeasement functions that displaying these emotions serve. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Identification of Main Lipid Components of Mole Rat Harderian Gland

The Harderian gland of the mole rat has been demonstrated to have appeasement qualities on conspecifics. In this study total lipid content of the Harderian gland of the mole rat was evaluated and analyzed by means of thin-layer chromatography (TLC), densitometry, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), FAB-MS, and NMR. More than 50% of the gland's fresh weight is composed of lipids, making it the highest Harderian gland lipid content ever found in rodents. Male and female lipid components differ considerably. Both have wax esters as the main lipid component, but in females the alcohol components were usually chains of 12 carbons, while in males they were mostly chains of 16 carbons. In addition, while in females the fatty acid residues were usually saturated, in males there was a double bond in the middle of the chain. As many as 25 different esters were found in females, and only seven in males. However, in the male an unusual volatile compound identified as 1-(3)-hexenyl-benzene was found. This sexual dimorphism may show that the gland function is sex-specific, and gives support to our earlier reports that the mole rat Harderian gland may be a source of pheromones.     

两个缓和曲线连接的应用和计算

介绍由圆曲线、缓和曲线连接另一个缓和曲线和圆曲线的应用和计算方法，供同行参考。     

Supplication and appeasement in conflict and negotiation: The interpersonal effects of disappointment, worry, guilt, and regret.

This study examined the social effects of emotions related to supplication and appeasement in conflict and negotiation. In a computer-simulated negotiation, participants in Experiment 1 were confronted with a disappointed or worried opponent (supplication), with a guilty or regretful opponent (appeasement), or with a nonemotional opponent (control). Compared with controls, participants conceded more when the other experienced supplication emotions and conceded less when the other experienced appeasement emotions (especially guilt). Experiment 2 replicated the effects of disappointment and guilt and showed that they are moderated by the perceiver's dispositional trust: Negotiators high in trust conceded more to a disappointed counterpart than to a happy one, but those with low trust were unaffected. In Experiment 3, trust was manipulated through information about the other's personality (cooperative vs. competitive), and a similar moderation was obtained. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

鄂尔多斯盆地绥靖地区长7油层组沉积相特征研究

在前人研究成果的基础上,通过对鄂尔多斯盆地绥靖地区15口取心井岩心、测井、沉积构造以及野外露头等资料进行综合研究,并采用沉积学原理和方法对绥靖地区三叠系延长组长7油层组的沉积环境进行了系统分析。结果表明,长7油层组为三角洲沉积体系,主要发育三角洲平原亚相,并进一步划分出了三种沉积微相:分流河道、天然堤和分流间洼地微相;分流河道和天然堤微相为储集层骨架砂体。同时对长7油层组各小层(长71、长72、长73)沉积微相的空间展布特征进行了分析,认为油气聚集受有利沉积相带的控制,三角洲平原上的分流河道微相和天然堤微相是油气聚集的主要场所,也是下一步油气勘探开发的方向。     

The remedial value of blushing in the context of transgressions and mishaps.

This study investigated the remedial value of blushing in the context of clear-cut predicaments. Besides testing the effects of displaying a blush on a neutral expression, we investigated whether blushing increased the remedial properties of shameful and embarrassed expressions. After reading a vignette describing either a transgression (Experiment 1; N = 66) or a mishap (Experiment 2; N = 62), participants saw pictures of people with or without a blush and rated them on several dimensions (e.g., sympathy, trustworthiness). The results of both experiments supported the hypothesis that blushing has remedial properties. In most instances, blushing actors were evaluated more favorably than their nonblushing counterparts. Although people often consider blushing to be an undesirable response, our results showed that, in the context of transgressions and mishaps, blushing is a helpful bodily signal with face-saving properties. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)