羧甲基纤维素—丙烯酰胺接枝共聚最佳条件的研究

研究了羧甲基纤维素—丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应,对初始pH值、引发剂用量、单体浓度、初始温度等因素对反应的影响进行了探讨,得到了最佳引发体系:H2SO4-KMnO4以及最佳反应条件:单体浓度30%、引发剂浓度500mg/L、初始温度30℃、初始pH值9。     

羧甲基纤维素接枝丙烯酰胺高吸水树脂的制备

以羧甲基纤维素、丙烯酰胺为原料,采用氧化还原引发体系,通过自由基接枝共聚制备了高吸水树脂,分别考察了原料配比、引发剂浓度、交联剂浓度、聚合温度、树脂粒径等因素对高吸水树脂吸收能力的影响,确定了最佳制备条件.     

Graft copolymerization of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid onto carboxymethylcellulose (sodium salt) by H2O2/Fe+2 redox pair

The effect of the reaction conditions on the grafting parameters during grafting of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid onto sodium carboxymethylcellulose using H₂O₂/Fe⁺² redox pair are studied at 30°C. The grafting ratio, add on, and conversion initially increase with the H₂O₂ concentration in the range of (10.0–15.0) × 10^?2 mol dm^?3. Thereafter, these parameters decrease with the H₂O₂ concentration. The grafting ratio, add on, and conversion increase when increasing the ferrous ion concentration from (0.5 to 4.0) × 10^?2 mol dm^?3 and decrease with a further increase in the concentration. It is observed that the grafting ratio and add on increase with the monomer concentration, whereas the conversion decrease. The hydrogen ions seem to be facilitating the grafting reaction up to a certain concentration and after this concentration seem to be retarding the process. The grafting ratio, add on, and conversion decrease with the sodium carboxymethylcellulose concentration. When increasing the time period from 60 to 90 min, the grafting parameters increase but decrease thereafter. Similarly, when increasing the temperature from 25 to 30°C, the grafting parameters increase and decrease thereafter. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4819–4825, 2006     

改性纤维素增强丙烯酰胺水凝胶的合成与拉伸性能研究

采用水媒法制备了低取代度羧甲基纤维素,并用接枝聚合法制备了改性纤维素/丙烯酰胺水凝胶,考察了单体质量比、取代度等对水凝胶拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:对于接枝聚合反应,采用低取代度羧甲基纤维素可以提高纤维素的有效用量;当交联剂用量为180 mg/L、引发剂1 300 mg/L、低取代度羧甲基纤维素和丙烯酰胺质量比在1∶4 ～ 1∶4.5之间、单体质量分数为30%时,合成水凝胶的拉伸强度达到0.28 MPa;在此基础上,适量添加15%的淀粉可使水凝胶拉伸强度达到0.47 MPa;添加1%二氧化钛可使水凝胶拉伸强度达到0.38 MPa.     

Biodegradable blend films based on two polysaccharide derivatives and their use as ibuprofen‐releasing matrices

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FTIR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and viscosity methods were used to examine the miscibility, interaction, and degradability of cationic guar gum (GG) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) in their blend films. The experiment results prove that there exist electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between GG and NaCMC. Blend films degrade quicker than pure GG or NaCMC film. Furthermore, the degradation rate of blend films is related to the interactions between GG and NaCMC. Based on the research of blend films as the drug carriers for Ibuprofen, it is found that the blend composition, initial drug concentration, and pH value affect the drug release and the GG/NaCMC blend films have good sustained release performance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3553–3559, 2007     

Surrogate functionality of celluloses as tablet excipients

Background: The variety of excipients from different sources and prices to which we have access gives rise to the necessity to evaluate their functional characteristics. The aim of this work is to determine some physical and technological characteristics of celluloses from different sources, India and United States, to ascertain their functionality as tablet excipients. Methods: The used surrogate functionality properties are particle morphology and particle size distribution, compactibility, ejection pressure, and the disintegration properties of pure excipients and their compressed tablets. Results: The innovators Avicel and Croscarmellose show advantages over the generic celluloses Alfacel and Carmacel. Avicel PH 101 and 102 show an average of 26% greater compactibility than both types of Alfacel, whereas the compactibility of Croscarmellose is greater than that of Carmacel in about 50%. Avicel tablets compacted at a compaction pressure of 47 MPa exhibit shorter disintegration times (3.7 minutes) than Alfacel tablets (28 minutes), whereas Carmacel show better disintegrant properties than Croscarmellose. This occurs regardless of the similar particle morphology, size, and size distribution. As expected, all celluloses show low ejection pressures. Conclusion: The surrogate functionality properties of the generic celluloses are still considered as satisfactory to be used as tablet excipients, although they are inferior in some aspects to innovator celluloses. Alfacel and Carmacel have the potential to be used as filler, binder, and disintegrant, in the design of tablets. Moreover, one should bear in mind that the differences reported here may be altered because of a possible inter-batch variability and variations in the moisture content.     

羧甲基纤维素与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚及共聚物的性能

研究了羧甲基纤维素-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应。优化反应条件为:单体浓度20%,引发剂用量300m g/L,初始温度40℃,初始pH值8。通过红外光谱分析、热分析、X射线衍射分析对接枝共聚物结构进行了验证,并对接枝共聚物特性黏数和大分子回旋半径进行了研究。实验得出接枝共聚物回旋半径随聚丙烯酰胺回旋半径与羧甲基纤维素回旋半径变化的关系式,同时证明接枝共聚物在特性黏数、抗温及抗盐性质方面均优于羧甲基纤维素和聚丙烯酰胺。     

羧甲基纤维素钠/阳离子瓜尔胶共混膜用作药物缓释材料的研究

以可生物降解和生物相容的羧甲基纤维素钠(NaCMC)与阳离子瓜尔胶(GG)为原料,制得系列不同配比的多糖共混膜。以此共混膜作为药物布洛芬的载体,考察了共混比、药物浓度以及pH值对药物释放的影响,并研究了其药物释放机理。结果发现,对布洛芬药物释放影响最大的是介质的pH值,其次是共混膜的共混比例,药物含量在弱碱介质中有一定的影响,在酸性介质中基本无影响。大部分的药物释放n>0.89,为非Fick扩散(骨架溶蚀机制),药物以零级进行释放。共混膜对疏水性药物布洛芬具有较好的缓释性能。     

汽爆玉米秸秆羧甲基纤维素的制备

秸秆是自然界中资源丰富的天然木质纤维素原料, 本研究以秸秆为反应原料,采用无污染蒸汽爆破技术活化预处理,然后进行羧甲基化反应,通过反应产物理化性质的不同实现秸秆的组分分离并制备出高附加值的羧甲基纤维素。实验结果表明：制备羧甲基纤维素的最优条件为液固比（ml∶g）18∶1,氢氧化钠∶氯乙酸钠(摩尔比)为4∶3,H₂O/底物（ml∶g）为1∶2,75℃反应2 h。在优化的反应条件下,从羧甲基化产物中可分离得到40.70%的羧甲基纤维素,其取代度可达0.91, 而且具有低黏的性质,并利用红外图谱和¹H NMR进行了分析表征;同时,还可从羧甲基化产物中分离出木质素组分,可进一步拓展其在工业方面的用途。相对于目前工业上普遍采用的α-纤维素含量较高的棉浆和木浆等反应原料,不仅原料和预处理成本大为下降, 工艺流程更为简单,而且还实现了秸秆的组分分离与全利用。     

pH值、无机电解质对PAE和CMC在纤维上吸附量的影响

通过测量纸浆Zeta电位以及聚合电解质的吸附量等方法,研究了pH值和无机电解质对阳离子聚酰胺-环氧氯丙烷树脂(PAE)和阴离子羧甲基纤维素(CMC)在纤维表面吸附量的影响。实验结果证明吸附量随纸浆悬浮液中无机电解质浓度的升高先增大后减小;随pH值的升高而增大。