改良型腰果酚醛树脂废气治理的研究

改良型腰果酚醛树脂应用到铸件等浸渍、粘合、烘干等过程中会产生恶臭,排放前需要降解处理。研究采用低温等离子体技术结合吸收方法处理改良型腰果酚醛树脂废气,考察了处理工程中峰值电压、停留时间、吸收液pH值对废气去除率的影响。实验室小试改良型腰果酚醛树脂废气进口浓度85 ppm,停留时间1.2 s时,去除率可达92%;工业扩大示范工程去除率最高可达80%,排气口出气平均恶臭浓度1 239.5(无量纲),满足《恶臭污染物排放标准》(GB14554-93)中相关规定。     

Developing eco-friendly methods for purification of compounds derived from hydrogenated cardanol

The present work made a comparative study between two purification methods, column chromatography and recrystallization, for compounds derived from cardanol, a by-product of the cashew industry (Anacardium occidentale L.). The compounds were successfully synthesized and characterized, focusing our attention to results obtained in terms of yield, purity, generation of solid waste and amount of solvent used in each purification process. For all the synthesized compounds, the amount of solvent used was greatly reduced in the recrystallization process, with purities above 80%, when compared to chromatographic column, which still demands high amounts of eluent.     

利用生物基腰果酚分子改性制备新型环氧化增塑剂合成研究

以生物基腰果酚(cardanol)原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,与乙酸酐进行酯化反应得到腰果酚乙酸酯(CA);然后,以甲酸为催化剂,双氧水为氧源合成环氧腰果酚乙酸酯(ECA)。考查了双氧水的浓度、甲酸和双氧水用量、反应温度、反应时间等对产品环氧值的影响。确定了最佳工艺条件：n (甲酸) : n (H2O2) : n (CA中双键)=0.2 : 1.5 : 1、反应温度为65 oC、反应时间为6 h。在最优条件下得到的产品为黄色透明油状液体,其环氧值可达到6.8 %。傅里叶红外 (FT-IR) 对CA及ECA进行结构表征,测定了ECA的酸值、加热减量、黏度、热重曲线等。结果表明,ECA符合环保增塑剂的产品性能要求。     

Design of New Cardanol Derivative: Synthesis and Application as Potential Biobased Plasticizer for Poly(lactide)

A novel biobased plasticizer made of cardanol is designed for poly(lactide) (PLA). This cardanol‐derived plasticizer, i.e., methoxylated hydroxyethyl cardanol (MeCard), is synthesized through methoxylation of the double bonds on the side chain of cardanol, and characterized by ¹H NMR and mass spectrometry. The plasticization effect of MeCard on the molecular structure, morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of PLA is evaluated and compared to that of a commercial cardanol, i.e., hydroxyethyl cardanol (pCard). The plasticization efficiency of MeCard is demonstrated by a substantial decrease of the glass transition temperature and storage modulus together with a significant increase of the elongation at break as compared to neat PLA. Moreover, MeCard exhibits higher plasticization performance than pCard toward PLA. Such behavior is related to a higher miscibility and compatibility between PLA and MeCard thanks to the methoxylation of the double bonds on the side chain of cardanol as shown by SEM micrographs.

     

Studies on blends of natural rubber and ethylene propylene diene rubber modified with phosphorylated cardanol prepolymer: Processability,physico‐mechanical properties,and morphology

The melt processability and physico‐mechanical properties of blends of natural rubber (NR) and ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) containing different dosages (0–10 phr) of phosphorylated cardanol prepolymer (PCP) were studied in unfilled and china‐clay‐filled mixes. The plasticizing effect of PCP in the blends was evidenced by progressive reduction in power consumption of the mixing and activation energy for melt flow with an increase in the dosage of PCP. The PCP‐modified blend vulcanizates showed higher tensile properties and tear strength despite a decrease in the chemical crosslink density (CLD) index. This is presumably due to the formation of a crosslinked network structure of PCP with the rubbers and improved dispersion of the filler particles in the rubber matrix, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increase in thermal stability of the blend vulcanizate in presence of 5 phr of PCP. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5123–5130, 2006     

腰果酚对铝在酸/碱体系中缓蚀作用的研究

实验采用失重法研究了腰果酚对铝在NaOH溶液和HCl溶液中,在不同的腰果酚用量、温度、NaOH浓度(或HCl用量)和反应时间条件下缓蚀作用的变化规律,为工业上铝的腐蚀防护提供帮助。实验结果表明:腰果酚对铝在NaOH溶液和HCl溶液中都有良好的缓蚀作用,且在较低温度下缓蚀作用更好;缓蚀作用随着腰果酚用量增加而增强,当腰果酚用量达到一定量时缓蚀作用不再增强或增强不明显。     

生物质材料改性呋喃树脂的研究

采用不同生物质材料对脲醛呋喃树脂进行改性,主要通过24 h强度、外观、粘度等结果表征来衡量改性作用效果。结果表明,木质素改性会降低树脂强度,但去除游离甲醛效果突出;在一定范围内,腰果酚及葡萄糖改性均有利于提高树脂强度,但葡萄糖的转化率较低,容易出现树脂不溶物。     

腰果酚有效成分的定性分析

为了分析腰果酚中的有效成分,采用红外光谱仪（IR）对腰果酚进行初步定性;然后采用气相-质谱联用仪（GC／MS）对腰果酚有效成分进行有效分离和准确定性。色谱柱：DB-5柱（30mm×0．25mm×0．25μm）;溶剂：氯仿;柱温：起始温度210℃（保持3．0min）,升温速率1℃2／min,最终温度230℃（保持3．0min）。在此条件下,腰果酚中的有效成分可以较好的分离。     

Sodium Cardanol Sulfonate Surfactant from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid

Sodium cardanol sulfonate surfactant was synthesized from cardanol from cashew nut shell liquid. Surfactant properties of cardanol sulfonate were determined and compared with dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Surface tension values were determined to be 32.25 mN/m for cardanol sulfonate at 20% w/v and 28.00 mN/m for dodecylbenzene sulfonate at 15% w/v. Critical micelle concentrations of dodecylbenzene sulfonate and cardanol sulfonate were found to be 0.435 and 0.372 mol/L, respectively. In comparison with dodecylbenzene sulfonate, the relative detergency of cardanol sulfonate was calculated to be 93.7% compared to dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Results suggest that cardanol sulfonate can be used as alternative anionic surfactant.

腰果酚缩醛胺与环氧树脂固化反应的研究

研究了腰果酚缩醛胺(PCD)固化剂加成固化环氧树脂(EP)聚合物的合成,考察了不同因素对该聚合物性能的影响。结果表明:当m(PCD):m(EP)=30:70时,PCD/EP聚合物的综合性能最佳;此时,PCD/EP聚合物对基材表面的附着力为1级,其柔韧性为1mm,拉伸强度为43.52MPa,压缩强度为85.09MPa,断裂伸长率为8.9%,热变形温度为125℃,硬度为2H(铅笔法),并具有优异的耐化学介质性能。