脱氯工序pH值和ORP的影响因素

介绍了离子膜烧碱装置中空气吹除脱氯和真空脱氯工艺。分析了正常脱氯操作条件下影响其pH值和氧化还原地位（ORP）的因素，提出了控制措施。     

T406型脱氯剂的研制与工业应用

报导了型脱氯剂的研制、性能试验和工厂运行结果。与国内外常见同类脱氯剂的对比试验及工业应用表明, 由化工部西北化工研究院开发研制的这一新型脱氯剂具有抗压碎强度高, 净化度高, 氯容量高的特点, 可以在常温下用于气相和液相原料中氯化物的脱除。即使在低温（4℃）下, 净化后原料中氯降至左右的情况下抓容量仍高达18％以上。该脱氯剂还能同时脱除原料中的硫。T406型脱氯剂已工业应用于混合二甲苯和氢原料的脱氯, 使用效果良好。     

2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶电化学脱氯合成2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶

对2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶(TCMP)采用电化学脱氯合成2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶(CCMP),考察了支持电解质、阴极材料及目数、反应温度和电流密度等工艺条件对上述反应的影响和TCMP及其脱氯中间产物的脱氯电位。结果表明:在乙酸锂、氯化锂、高氯酸锂、氯化铵、四丁基高氯酸铵中,乙酸锂为最佳支持电解质。各阴极材料上CCMP收率从高到低次序为:铜>铅>石墨>银>锌>镍。在优化条件下〔阴极液:含10%(体积分数)乙酸+5%(体积分数)水+0.2 mol/L乙酸锂+0.1 mol/L TCMP的甲醇溶液;阴极:80目铜网;反应温度:30℃;电流密度:前期电流密度为333 A/m~2,后期为166 A/m~2〕,0.1 mol/L TCMP能较高效地转化为CCMP,其收率可达56.9%。TCMP脱氯成2-氯-5-二氯甲基吡啶(DCMP)的电位明显正于DCMP脱氯成CCMP的脱氯电位,后者与CCMP进一步脱氯的电位则非常接近。     

Low Temperature Dechlorination of Densified Refuse Derived Fuel in Pyrolysis

Study on behavior of chlorine contained in oval-shaped densified refuse derived fuel (d-RDF) prepared from municipal solid waste in pyrolysis was carried out by means of temperature-programmed electrical furnace, and the gas evolving from pyrolysis was investigated by FFIR. De-HC1 rate was calculated by determining the emission fraction of HC1 in the flue gas and the fraction of C1 left in the pyrolysis residue. The results show that C1 in the d-RDF releases primarily in the form of HC1 during the pyrolysis, and the initial releasing temperature of HC1 enhances with the increase of heating rate. Meanwhile, the higher the end temperature of pyrolysis, the more the C1 released. De-HCl rate is about 70% when the end temperature of pyrolysis is around 600℃. Besides, mechanism of C1 release is discussed.     

城市生活垃圾焚烧时HCl排放及脱除研究进展

在焚烧法被广泛用来处理城市生活垃圾的同时,焚烧时产生的HCl对受热面及人体的危害也日益引起人们的重视。从HCl生成机理入手,详细介绍了煤与垃圾、煤与PVC混烧时HCl的排放情况,脱除机理以及影响脱除的几个因素:含水量、温度、SO2、重金属与无机物。     

从砷锑烟尘中回收锑的实验研究

采用氯化—水解法从砷锑烟尘制取三氧化二锑,在砷锑烟尘经酸浸脱砷工序后,分别考察了水解时间、水解温度、稀释比对锑水解的影响和稀释比、氨水过量系数、反应时间及反应温度对氯氧锑脱氯的影响。结果表明,在稀释比为6∶1、温度为25℃和水解时间为1.5 h条件下水解,及在液固比为1.5∶1、反应温度为25℃、水解时间为0.5 h和氨水过量系数为1.5条件下脱氯,最后可得到砷锑烟尘中锑的回收率达到80.99%。     

城市污水厂氯消毒出水脱氯特性研究

研究了亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、二氧化硫、焦亚硫酸钠和硫代硫酸钠等脱氯剂对城市污水厂氯消毒出水的脱氯效果.结果表明:亚硫酸氢钠的脱氯效果最好,反应10 min,氯脱除率即达100%;脱氯过程均存在分步反应,反应最初1 min内,余氯下降很快;1 min后为一级反应,且反应速率很低,有机氯胺和一氯胺的脱除是反应的限制因素.脱氯反应不会对最终出水的细菌和大肠杆菌指标产生不利影响.经济分析表明,达到同样的脱氯效果,二氧化硫脱氯工艺的药剂成本最低.     

Mass balance and kinetic analysis of anaerobic microbial dechlorination of pentachlorophenol in a continuous flow column

A mass balance and kinetic investigation of anaerobic dechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was undertaken using an enriched microbial consortium in a laboratory scale continuous flow column, as a model microbial permeable reactive barrier. The chlorine balance showed that 50 µM PCP was largely dechlorinated to phenol with the formation of a small quantity of 3-chlorophenol as an intermediate metabolite (hydraulic retention time 7.6 days), and the chlorine removal efficiency reached 36 µM d^-1. When the initial PCP concentration was increased to 100 µM the chlorine removal efficiency increased 1.5 times. However, the dechlorination activity disappeared after 7.4 pore volumes (58 days), demonstrating the susceptibility of the dechlorination culture to high concentrations of PCP. Lactate released hydrogen as an electron donor during PCP dechlorination, with acetate, propionate, CO₂ and CH₄ as byproducts. The carbon balance showed that some of the organic carbon source (PCP, lactate) in the influent was converted to gas and utilized for biomass growth in addition to organic metabolites. The kinetic study was conducted in a batch culture and yielded 1.99 mg l^-1 biomass growth per unit of chlorine consumption (µM). The Monod equation was well fitted to the specific growth rate of 1.38 d^-1 and a half saturation constant of 0.29 µM. The organic chlorine removal rate in the batch culture was consistent with the results in the flow column, indicating the feasibility of and potential for in situ estimation and prediction through batch culture studies.     

氯对连续重整装置的影响及解决方案

根据某公司连续重整装置的实际运行情况,从原料和催化剂再生注氯等方面分析了氯的来源,阐述了氯对装置各系统的影响,并提出了相应的解决方案.在预加氢系统中采用连续注水冲洗的方法,防止其结盐堵塞和腐蚀;在重整系统中增设脱氯设施,降低氯含量,减轻氯对后续装置的影响;采用树脂在线脱氯技术净化溶剂,脱除苯抽提系统溶剂中的氯,减缓溶剂...     

Gas-phase hydrodechlorination of pentachlorophenol over supported nickel catalysts

The gas-phase hydrodechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) over nickel/silica and nickel/Y zeolite catalysts at 573 K has been studied. Each catalyst was 100% selective in cleaving the C–Cl bonds, leaving the hydroxyl substituent and benzene ring intact. The variation of catalytic activity and selectivity (in terms of partial and full dechlorination) with time-on-stream is illustrated and catalyst deactivation is addressed. Dechlorination efficiency is quantified in terms of dechlorination rate constants, phenol selectivity/yield and the ultimate partitioning of chlorine in the parent organic and product inorganic host. Increasing the nickel loading on silica was found to raise the overall level of dechlorination while the use of a zeolite support introduced spatial constraints that severely limited the extent of dechlorination. Product composition was largely determined by steric effects where resonance stabilisation had little effect. The reaction pathways, with associated pseudo-first-order rate constants, are also presented. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.