1,2-二氯丙烷制环氧丙烷Fe-Al-P-O催化剂的反应性能

采用溶胶．凝胶法制得了非晶态Fe-Al-P-O催化剂,用IR、XRD、TEM、BET及微反等技术表征和评价了其化学组成、结构特性、化学吸附和催化反应性能。实验结果表明：Fe-Al-P-O催化剂是由粒径约14nm的FePO4和AlPO4均匀混合形成的非晶态混合物,比表面积为94m^2．g^-1,Lewis酸位Fe^3 和Lewis碱位P=O的O^2-是固体表面的主要活性位,H2O可以在其上进行解离吸附形成Fe-O^-和P-OH键,1,2-二氯丙烷(DCP)通过Cl^-与P-OH键中的H^ 作用形成桥式吸附态,DCP和H2O在Fe-Al-P—O催化剂表面反应具有良好的反应性能,反应产物主要是环氧丙烷(PO)、丙烯和少量的聚合物。在常压、250℃、空速540h^-1和nH2O／nDCP=1．5：1的条件下,DCP转化率达到81．9％,生成PO选择性达85．1％。     

Effect of Ni loading and calcination temperature on catalyst performance and catalyst deactivation of Ni/SiO2 in the hydrodechlorination of 1,2‐dichloropropane into propylene

The hydrodechlorination of 1,2‐dichloropropane (DCPA), a chlorinated organic waste which is produced in the epichlorohydrin process, to propylene was carried out over Ni/SiO₂ catalysts. The effects of Ni loading and calcination temperature on catalyst performance and catalyst deactivation of Ni/SiO₂ were systematically investigated. The Ni/SiO₂ catalysts efficiently converted DCPA into propylene in 95% selectivity or higher. The particle size of Ni on SiO₂ was strongly related to the catalyst stability. In terms of the effect of Ni loading, the largest Ni particles on SiO₂ showed the best durability against deactivation. A series of TPR and UV‐DRS measurements revealed that nickel hydrosilicate was formed as the result of the interaction between Ni and SiO₂. Nickel hydrosilicate was found to be responsible for the catalyst stability leading to low catalyst deactivation. HCl adsorption on Ni/SiO₂ was the main reason for catalyst deactivation. HCl modified the crystal structure of metallic Ni to NiCl₂ and led to irreversible deactivation and metal sintering. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Ni/活性炭催化剂上1,2-二氯丙烷加氢脱氯制丙烯

制备了活性炭及活性炭负载的Ni催化剂。借助BET、XRD、TEM和微反等技术对活性炭及其负载金属镍催化剂的表面结构和催化加氢脱氯性能进行了表征和评价。试验结果表明 ,经过处理的活性炭的比表面积达 1 0 0 2m2 /g ;用活性炭负载金属镍的平均粒径为 1 0nm ,且分布均匀 ;在一定范围内增加金属镍的负载量 ,可明显改善催化剂的反应性能 ;在适宜的反应条件下 ,以Ni的质量分数为 6%的Ni/活性炭作催化剂 ,1 ,2 -二氯丙烷的转化率大于68% ,丙烯的选择性大于 98%。     

由1,2-二氯丙烷合成1,2-丙二醇的方法

介绍了由 1 ,2 -二氯丙烷合成 1 ,2 -丙二醇的方法 ,包括在弱碱水溶液中直接水解法和经与羧酸盐反应成酯、再水解法。