Establishment of a color tolerance for yarn-dyed fabrics from different color-depth yarns

Yarn-dyed fabric is often woven from warp and weft yarns in the same color depth to ensure a uniform color appearance. The difference in color depth between warp and weft tends to result in the uneven color of the yarn-dyed fabric. This article aims to establish a color tolerance for yarn-dyed fabric that can be woven with a qualified color appearance but from the warp and weft yarns in different color depths. A total of 27 yarn-dyed fabric samples in three color series (red, yellow, and blue) were evaluated by using the yarn-dyed fabric from warp and weft yarns in the same color depth of 2% (on weight of fabric, owf) as the standard. Visual assessment and instrumental measurement of color were carried out to establish the color tolerance ellipse that was defined as CMC (Color Measurement Committee) color differences (2:1) of no more than 1.00. It was found that the color strengths (K/S) and color differences (ΔE_CMC(2:1)) of these fabric samples for each color series had linear relationships with the color depths of warp and weft yarns. The color tolerance ellipses indicated that, even though the warp and weft yarns had an apparent color difference, they could be woven in fabrics with relatively uniform color appearance and meet the requirements for yarn-dyed fabric. This work provided valuable insight into the production of qualified yarn-dyed fabrics from unqualified dyed yarns.     

Visual evaluation at scale of threshold to suprathreshold color difference

Visual evaluation experiments of color discrimination threshold and suprathreshold color‐difference comparison were carried out using CRT colors based on the psychophysical methods of interleaved staircase and constant stimuli, respectively. A large set of experimental data was generated ranged from threshold to large suprathreshold color difference at the five CIE color centers. The visual data were analyzed in detail for every observer at each visual scale to show the effect of color‐difference magnitude on the observer precision. The chromaticity ellipses from this study were compared with four previous published data, of CRT colors by Cui and Luo, and of surface colors by RIT‐DuPont, Cheung and Rigg, and Guan and Luo, to report the reproducibility of this kind of experiment using CRT colors and the variations between CRT and surface data, respectively. The present threshold data were also compared against the different suprathreshold data to show the effect of color‐difference scales. The visual results were further used to test the three advance color‐difference formulae, CMC, CIE94, and CIEDE2000, together with the basic CIELAB equation. In their original forms or with optimized K_L values, the CIEDE2000 outperformed others, followed by CMC, and with the CIELAB and CIE94 the poorest for predicting the combined dataset of all color centers in the present study. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 198–208, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20106     

一种椭圆弧长的作图求解法及其误差分析

本文给出了一种椭圆弧长的作图求解方法,即由作图求得椭圆弧长的近似值。通过对100个椭圆弧长的求解结果表明,由此方法求得的椭圆弧长的误差甚小,从而在相当高的精度范围内,提供了一种工程中适用并且简单易行的求解椭圆弧长的方法。     

椭圆光孔上的Fraunhofer衍射图样

将椭圆域变换成圆域，从而借助于圆孔衍射问题的处理方法，给出了椭圆孔上的Ｆｒａｕｎｈｏｆｅｒ衍射图样的数学描述。     

改进的遮挡条件下瞳孔检测方法

受到眼睑、睫毛、反光等干扰,提取的瞳孔往往无法近似成标准的椭圆,给瞳孔精确检测带来了难度。针对遮挡问题,提出了一种改进的遮挡瞳孔精确检测方法,该方法首先获取瞳孔图像的感兴趣区域,在对该区域进行阈值分割的基础上,通过滤波去噪和扫描线法去除光源反光的影响;根据沿遮挡瞳孔的分界线进行水平旋转,应用内接平行四边形法确定瞳孔的中心;根据圆形检测理论,提出一种中心修正算法,将求得的两个圆的交点作为眼睑与瞳孔的交点,计算出旋转角度,从而精化瞳孔中心的定位;最后利用五点法计算得到的瞳孔椭圆参数作为初始值,通过最小化拟合椭圆与边缘点之间的欧氏距离,使得该椭圆在非线性最小二乘意义下是最优的。实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的鲁棒性和准确性,在遮挡不超过瞳孔面积一半的情况下,能得到较为精确的瞳孔位置和边界。     

Epileptic seizure classification in EEG signals using second-order difference plot of intrinsic mode functions

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which is characterized by transient and unexpected electrical disturbance of the brain. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a commonly used signal for detection of epileptic seizures. This paper presents a new method for classification of ictal and seizure-free EEG signals. The proposed method is based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the second-order difference plot (SODP). The EMD method decomposes an EEG signal into a set of symmetric and band-limited signals termed as intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The SODP of IMFs provides elliptical structure. The 95% confidence ellipse area measured from the SODP of IMFs has been used as a feature in order to discriminate seizure-free EEG signals from the epileptic seizure EEG signals. The feature space obtained from the ellipse area parameters of two IMFs has been used for classification of ictal and seizure-free EEG signals using the artificial neural network (ANN) classifier. It has been shown that the feature space formed using ellipse area parameters of first and second IMFs has given good classification performance. Experimental results on EEG database available by the University of Bonn, Germany, are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于分裂式K均值聚类的肤色检测方法

针对复杂图像背景及光照导致的肤色检测率不高的问题,提出一种基于分裂式K均值聚类的椭圆模型肤色检测方法。该方法对图像进行光线补偿处理,采用Gray World方法对图像进行颜色均衡,选择建立检测效率较高的椭圆肤色模型进行肤色检测,并在检测出的肤色区域上采用分裂式K均值聚类(FKM)进行二次的肤色判决,进一步准确检测出肤色区域。实验表明,所提出的检测算法能准确高效地检测出肤色区域,具有较高地准确率和较强的鲁棒性。     

密炼机转子铜瓦椭圆的修复方法

简要介绍了一种XHM253/20密闭式炼胶机转子铜瓦椭圆的修复方法.该方法简便易行,修复工期短,修复质量高,在实际工作中具有一定参考价值.     

低品质因数谐振筒的谐振频率测量系统

谐振筒式密度计的测量原理为谐振筒的谐振频率会随筒内液体密度的变化而变化,从而通过测量其谐振频率来达到测量其密度的目的。但由于低品质因数谐振筒在谐振频率附近的幅度与其他频率的幅度区分度太小,导致谐振难以实现。因此如何使低品质因数谐振筒达到谐振状态并测得其谐振频率,是谐振筒式燃油密度传感器激励系统的关键问题。激励系统以DSP为主控芯片,运用椭圆拟合的方法解决了低品质因数谐振筒式密度计激励系统的关键技术问题-增益测量和相位测量,运用原位计算节省了DSP大量的内存空间,同时运算量又较小。仿真结果表明,增益测量精度优于0.05%,相位测量精度优于0.05%,高于实际需要。系统在测量并记录了增益、相位差之后,利用相关算法实现了自动增益调节和自动相位调节,并实现了谐振筒的谐振,测得了其谐振频率。     

基于带符号阶乘展开式的抗功耗方案算法

采用二进制编码的椭圆曲线密码抗功耗攻击方案往往效率较低。通过将标量表示成带符号的阶乘展开式编码形式,将标量乘法运算转化为一组小整数多标量乘法运算,结合预计算表的方法及基点掩码方法实施抗功耗攻击。根据算法性能分析结果表明,基于带符号阶乘展开式抗功耗攻击方案可以抵御多种功耗攻击,并且能够大幅提高计算效率。