Deacylation of Calcium-Dependent Antibiotics from Streptomyces violaceoruber in Co-culture with Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1

When Streptomyces violaceoruber grows together with Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1, it reacts with strongly induced droplet production on its aerial mycelium. Initially the metabolite profile of droplets from S. violaceoruber in co-culture with Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1 was compared to samples from S. violaceoruber in single-culture by using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Then, the exudate from agar plates of co-cultures and single cultures (after freezing and thawing) was also analysed. Several compounds were only observed when S. violaceoruber was grown in co-culture. Based on their high-resolution ESI mass spectra and their comparable retention times to the calcium-dependent antibiotics (CDAs) produced by S. violaceoruber, the new compounds were suspected to be deacylated calcium-dependent antibiotics (daCDAs), lacking the 2,3-epoxyhexanoyl residue of CDAs. This was verified by detailed analysis of the MS/MS spectra of the daCDAs in comparison to the CDAs. The major CDA compounds present in calcium ion-supplemented agar medium of co-cultures were daCDAs, thus suggesting that Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1 expresses a deacylase that degrades CDAs.     

新疆油田微生物开采稠油技术研究及矿场试验

通过室内筛选复壮,选育出对克拉玛依稠油具有显著降粘作用的微生物菌种.室内降粘实验结果表明,菌种对稠油的降粘率可达70%,同时菌种可以改善稠油的流体性质.原油族组分分析结果表明,菌种能够降解稠油中的非烃和长链饱和烃.首次在克拉玛依油田进行了6口井的微生物吞吐开采稠油矿场试验,累计增油865t.     

Enhancement Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the Bioactivity of Hydrogen-producing Microbe

1 IntroductionGold nanoparticles have attracted considerable atten-tionin manyfields duetotheir some special properties al-though goldis very popularfor beingchemicallyinert[1-3].For example ,gold nanoparticles as amplificationtags havebeenthe subject of research directed at gene analysis[4]and antibody or antigen detection[5-7]due to the large di-electric constant ,ease of preparation,andits biocompati-bility[8].Nanoparticles in the range of 1-10 nmin diameterwould display electronic structur…     

河间东营油藏微生物驱替现场试验

针对河间东营油藏的地质条件和开发特点,开展了微生物采油室内试验和评价,优选适合油藏特点的耐高温微生物菌种,优化驱替试验参数。在室内试验的基础上进行了微生物驱替现场实施方案论证和编制。通过5个注水井组微生物驱替现场试验,取得了较好的增油效果,进一步提高了油藏采收率。     

生物絮凝剂及其在水处理中的应用进展

介绍了微生物絮凝剂的种类、特点、絮凝机理和近几年来国内在不同废水处理中的应用情况，并对它的研究及应用前景做出展望。     

Degradation of Leaf Litter Phenolics by Aquatic and Terrestrial Isopods

To investigate species-specific decomposition rates of litter from native (Quercus faginea) and introduced (Eucalyptus globulus) tree species in Portugal, we monitored changes in the phenolic signature of leaf litter during decomposition as mediated by an aquatic, Proasellus coxalis (Isopoda: Asellota), and two terrestrial, Porcellio dispar and Eluma caelatum (Isopoda: Oniscidea), detritivores. Although the litter of Eucalyptus and Quercus did not differ in overall protein precipitation capacity, we detected differences in terms of contents of particular phenolic compounds and phenol oxidation products. Accordingly, we observed food-specific consumption rates in Proasellus, but not in the terrestrial isopods. Proasellus digested Eucalyptus at significantly higher rates than Quercus, whereas the opposite was the case for Eluma, and Porcellio digested both litter types equally well. Despite slight differences in detail, effects of Proasellus on changes in the signature of litter phenolics were similar for both litter types, whereas terrestrial isopods—Porcellio and Eluma, although they differed from each other—digestively degraded phenolic compounds in Eucalyptus and Quercus litter, respectively, in different ways. Overall, however, degradation of litter phenolics was similarly effective on both litter types. From these data, we conclude that decomposition of Eucalyptus litter does not proceed more slowly than of litter from native Portuguese trees.     

原油及油品体系微生物损害的研究

油品在加工、储运过程中存在着许多适宜于微生物生长繁殖的环境,有充足的碳源、水、氧和所需的其它有机物、无机物。当微生物在某一环节大量繁殖后,将造成油品的污染、降级;长期带菌,也会给设备带来严重的腐蚀和损坏。探讨了以脱硫弧菌、脱氮硫杆菌、亚铁杆菌为代表的有害厌氧菌和好氧菌的腐蚀机理,总结了微生物腐蚀的几种方式。最后概括了原油及油品体系的杀菌现状,并介绍了一种新型油品专用杀菌剂。     

响应面法优化采油菌株Bacillus FH-1-2产脂肽发酵培养基

运用Plackett-Burman法确定了影响脂肽产量的3个重要因素:FeSO4、MnSO4和酵母粉,通过最陡爬坡试验确定了以上3个重要影响因素的最佳质量浓度范围,再利用Box-Behnken设计得出回归方程并利用Minitab软件进行回归分析,得到各因素的最佳质量浓度(g/L):FeSO40.011,MnSO40.204,酵母粉0.205,KH2PO43.4,Na2HPO41.5,NaNO34,MgSO4.7H2O 0.2,液体石蜡25。采用优化后的培养基进行发酵,发酵液的表面张力值降至38.4 mN/m,脂肽产量达到401 mg/L,提高了19.7%。     

功能微生物对炼厂剩余污泥减量化效果的研究

研究了投加酵母菌群、光合细菌群和混合菌群等多功能微生物菌群促进炼厂的剩余污泥的减量化效果。通过多次污泥减量试验,观察到在好氧消化基础上投加功能菌群能显著促进炼厂剩余污泥减量化。结果表明,与仅好氧曝气条件下相比,投加酵母菌群、光合细菌群、混合菌群的MLSS去除率明显提高了13.81%、30.58%、37.94%;投加功能菌群作用后的污泥沉降性能均优于投加前;pH值均逐渐降低。功能微生物降解效应使石油组分发生明显的变化,强化了对低中碳正构烷烃的降解程度,有利于将高碳链烃降解为低碳链烃。     

微生物对材料的腐蚀机理及控制方法

微生物是影响材料尤其是金属材料腐蚀的主要因素之一.结合国内外的文献资料,介绍了易造成材料腐蚀的微生物的种类及微生物腐蚀的作用机理,阐述了微生物对材料腐蚀的现状,并说明了微生物腐蚀的危害和控制方法.