Influence of Two Salicylate Components on the Particle Size of an Oil-in-Water Emulsion with Nonionic Surfactants

This paper reports a study undertaken using techniques of static and dynamic light scattering to investigate the influence of sodium salicylate and methyl salicylate on droplet size of oil-in-water emulsions. The rates of changes were measured by determining the size and distribution of the oil droplet in the material. All emulsions showed a bimodal size distribution; the mean diameters and polydispersity were calculated from intensity. These data were analyzed with nonlinear regressions and bootstrap methodology. An amount of methyl salicylate component induced a decrease of mean diameter and standard deviation. On the contrary, sodium salicylate entailed the growth of all droplet populations and coalescence for the highest concentration.     

微型反应器-HPLC催化合成水杨酸甲酯的研究

选择水杨酸甲酯的催化合成反应为基础反应体系，以固体超强酸为催化剂，建立微型催化反应器与高效液相色谱的联用新技术，并对液固相催化酯化反应进行微反催化合成研究。使用ZrO₂-SiO₂/SO_^2-4催化剂制成微型催化反应器进行试验，建立微反-HPLC联用实验装置，考察了水杨酸的加入量以及反应温度对转化率的影响。并通过X-射线衍射、红外光谱和电子透镜等技术，对反应前后催化剂的晶相、酸性特征峰以及催化剂的形态形貌进行了表征。     

微波法合成水杨酸乙酯

以浓硫酸为催化剂,在微波辐照下合成了水杨酸乙酯,同时对影响反应转化率的诸因素进行了考察。其最佳反应条件为:醇酸摩尔比3∶1,浓硫酸用量0.20mol,辐射时间30min。     

固体超强酸催化合成水杨酸正丁酯

用固体超强酸SO4^2-/Fe2O3-TiO2为催化剂，实现了水杨酸和正丁醇反应合成水杨酸正丁酯。最佳合成条件为n(醇)：n(酸)＝2．0：1，催化剂用量为酸质量的5％，反应时间为4．5h，酯化率可达96％。催化剂具有容易回收并可循环使用、不污染环境等优点。     

N－氰基乙亚胺酸乙酯含量的气相色谱分析

采用GC-900气相色谱仪、3%PEG-12000/Chromosorb880AWDMCS填充柱和FID检测器,以水杨酸甲酯为内标物测定N-氰基乙亚胺酸乙酯含量,回收率在98.5%—101.8%之间,标准偏差为0.27%,变异系数为0.27%。     

新型催化剂合成对甲氧基二苯甲酮的研究

介绍用水杨酸铁合成对甲氧基二苯甲酮的方法，并从多方面与传统催化剂无水三氯化铝进行比较，该新型催化剂具有用量少、产率高、工艺简单、无污染等优点。     

Chemistry of mandibular and Dufour's gland secretions of ants in genusMyrmecocystus

Males of several species ofMyrmecocystus produce mandibular gland secretions that contain 2,4-dimethyl-2-hexenoic acid and a variety of monoterpenes that include neral, geranial, citronellol, limonene, and 2,6-dimethyl-5-hepten-1-ol. Other components identified include methyl anthranilate, octanal, octanol, octyl octanoate, and 2-hexyl-2-decenal. Methyl salicylate has been identified as a mandibular gland constituent of workers of several species in addition to mellein and monoterpenes such as cymene, limonene, and the isomers of citral. The Dufour's gland secretions of workers and females of 14 species contain typical formicine alkanes (e.g., undecane), 2-alkanols (e.g., 2-tridecanol), and 2-alkanones (e.g., 2-tridecanone). Two species in the subgenusEremnocystus produce secretions that are distinguished by the presence of significant quantities of tridecyl esters. The functions of these compounds as well as their possible chemosystematic significance in the genusMyrmecocystus are discussed.     

固体酸催化合成水杨酸异丙酯的研究

水杨酸异丙酯是一种重要的化工原料和药物中间体 ,现行合成工艺存在诸多缺点。因此 ,新型高效催化剂的开发和工艺改进是水杨酸异丙酯合成的一个重要课题。以固体酸SA为催化剂合成水杨酸异丙酯 ,发现固体酸SA对水杨酸异丙酯合成具有良好的催化活性。考察并优化了固体酸SA催化合成水杨酸异丙酯的工艺条件。实验结果表明 ,采用优化的工艺条件 ,固体酸SA催化剂可减少催化剂用量 ,提高总收率 ,缩短生产周期 ,降低生产成本     

树脂D732负载磷钨酸催化合成水杨酸正丁酯

以水杨酸和正丁醇为原料,采用树脂D732负载磷钨酸为催化剂,合成了水杨酸正丁酯.考察了醇酸物质的量比、反应时间和反应温度、催化剂的用量和催化剂的重复使用性对酯化率的影响.结果表明:在反应温度为110℃,反应时间3h,酸醇物质的量比为1∶3,催化剂的质量占水杨酸质量的20％的较优条件下,酯化率高达93.2％.催化剂不经处理重复使用4次,酯化率都在83％以上,结果表明树脂D732负载磷钨酸的催化效果良好.     

Field-Testing of Methyl Salicylate for Recruitment and Retention of Beneficial Insects in Grapes and Hops

Evidence for recruitment and retention of beneficial insects in grapes and hops using controlled-release dispensers of methyl salicylate (MeSA), a component of herbivore-induced volatile blends, is presented. In a replicated experiment conducted in a juice grape vineyard, sticky cards in blocks baited with MeSA captured significantly greater numbers of five species of predatory insects (Chrysopa nigricornis, Hemerobius sp., Deraeocoris brevis, Stethorus punctum picipes, Orius tristicolor) than unbaited blocks. Four insect families (Syrphidae, Braconidae, Empididae, Sarcophagidae) were also significantly more abundant in the MeSA-baited blocks, as indicated by sticky card captures. Canopy shake samples and sticky card monitoring conducted in a MeSA-baited, unsprayed hop yard indicated development and maintenance of a beneficial arthropod population that was nearly four times greater than that present in an unbaited reference yard. Four times as many S. punctum picipes and six times as many O. tristicolor were sampled in the MeSA yard. Similar contrasts in abundance of these predators and others were apparent when compared with levels recorded in the yard in previous years. The large population of predatory insects in the MeSA-baited hop yard was associated with a dramatic reduction in spider mite numbers, the major arthropod pest of hops, in late June, and subeconomic populations were maintained for the rest of the season. The evidence presented here is highly suggestive that the use of controlled-release MeSA in a crop could increase recruitment and residency of populations of certain beneficial insects. This strategy may have the potential to enhance the efficacy and reliability of conservation biological control in crop pest management.