Physical Aging of Amorphous Fructose

ABSTRACT: Physical aging of amorphous anhydrous fructose at temperature 5 °C and at 22 °C was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dynamic glass transition temperature, T_g0 for unaged samples was 16 °C and 13.3 °C for heating rate of 10 °C/min and 1 °C/min, respectively. The fictive temperature, T_f0 for unaged samples calculated by Richardson and Savill method was 12 °C, which is close to the dynamic value obtained from the lower DSC heating rate. The fictive temperature T_f of the aged fructose glasses at temperatures both below and above the transition region was fitted well by a non-exponential decay function (Williams-Watts form). Aging above the transition region (22 °C) for 18 d increased both the dynamic glass transition temperature T_g and the fictive temperature T_f. However, aging below the transition region (5 °C) for 1 d increased the dynamic glass transition temperature T_g but decreased the fictive temperature T_f.     

己糖生产甘露醇概述

葡萄糖、果糖和甘露糖同属己糖,均是工业生产甘露醇最直接的原料.介绍了作为生产甘露醇最直接的原料三种单糖,它们之间的关系以及是如何转化为甘露醇与转化过程的机理.     

葡萄糖-6-磷酸和果糖-6-磷酸的酶法测定

在血液、发酵液或组织液中加入磷酸葡萄糖异构酶（ＰＧＩ，ＥＣ．５．３．１．９）、６－磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（ＧＤＨ，ＥＣ．１．１．１．４．９）及还原型辅酶Ⅱ（β－ＮＡＤＰ），利用快速、准确的酶法检测Ｄ－６－磷酸葡萄糖和Ｄ－６－磷酸果糖浓度。对该法的专一性、精确性、准确性以及误差来源及消除方法作了讨论。对其它物质的分析作了探讨     

Glycation of soy protein isolate with two ketoses: d-Allulose and fructose

Modification of food proteins to have improved functional properties is of great importance. In this study, modification of soy protein isolate (SPI) was achieved through glycation. SPI was glycated in a spray dryer (SD) and an incubator followed by freeze drying (FD). d -Allulose, an important rare sugar, was used in SPI glycation as the carbohydrate source, and results were compared with fructose. In addition to the sugar type, two different SPI powder: sugar ratios (1:1 and 5:1) were investigated. For the glycated samples, emulsification activity, free amino groups, protein solubility, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, antioxidant activity experiments and time-domain NMR relaxometry measurements for hydration were conducted. According to the results, the solubility of SPI that is limited in native form has shown a significant improvement after glycation through both FD and SD methods. Besides, glycation through the FD method was found to be more favourable due to its milder conditions than the SD method. Considering the physicochemical properties, the best combination for the highest glycation degree was found to be the samples prepared at the 1:1 ratio with d -Allulose in the FD method. Overall, it was concluded that glycation of SPI enhanced its functional properties such as antioxidant and emulsification activities.     

环保型果糖/尿素树脂的合成及应用

为了降低传统脲醛树脂中甲醛的危害,采用了果糖代替甲醛与尿素合成了环保型果糖/尿素树脂,并用合成出的树脂与芦苇纤维复合制备了芦苇纤维板,考察了树脂合成过程中果糖/尿素物质的量之比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂种类等工艺参数对树脂及芦苇纤维板性能的影响,得到了果糖/尿素树脂的最佳合成工艺,即果糖/尿素/催化剂盐酸的物质的量之比为2.5/1/0.13、反应温度为91℃、反应时间为3 h。在此最佳合成工艺下合成的树脂固含量为65.57%、黏度为73 m Pa·s,由此树脂制备的芦苇纤维板的静曲强度为26.19 MPa,弹性模量为6.13 GPa,完全满足国家标准GB/T 11718–2009的要求。     

Maternal Fructose Intake Causes Developmental Reprogramming of Hepatic Mitochondrial Catalytic Activity and Lipid Metabolism in Weanling and Young Adult Offspring

Excess dietary fructose is a major public health concern, yet little is known about its influence on offspring development and later-life disease when consumed in excess during pregnancy. To determine whether increased maternal fructose intake could have long-term consequences on offspring health, we investigated the effects of 10% w/v fructose water intake during preconception and pregnancy in guinea pigs. Female Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs were fed a control diet (CD) or fructose diet (FD; providing 16% of total daily caloric intake) ad libitum 60 days prior to mating and throughout gestation. Dietary interventions ceased at day of delivery. Offspring were culled at day 21 (D21) (weaning) and at 4 months (4 M) (young adult). Fetal exposure to excess maternal fructose intake significantly increased male and female triglycerides at D21 and 4 M and circulating palmitoleic acid and total omega-7 through day 0 (D0) to 4 M. Proteomic and functional analysis of significantly differentially expressed proteins revealed that FD offspring (D21 and 4 M) had significantly increased mitochondrial metabolic activities of β-oxidation, electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species production compared to the CD offspring. Western blotting analysis of both FD offspring validated the increased protein abundances of mitochondrial ETC complex II and IV, SREBP-1c and FAS, whereas VDAC1 expression was higher at D21 but lower at 4 M. We provide evidence demonstrating offspring programmed hepatic mitochondrial metabolism and de novo lipogenesis following excess maternal fructose exposure. These underlying asymptomatic programmed pathways may lead to a predisposition to metabolic dysfunction later in life.     

木质素调控制备果糖基碳微球及其电化学性能研究

本研究使用果糖作为碳源,木质素磺酸盐协同三嵌段共聚物P123作为模板剂,经过水热碳化法和高温碳化法制备果糖基碳微球材料。探究了木质素磺酸盐对果糖在水热条件下的组装过程及调控机制,并分析果糖基碳微球材料在电化学领域的应用。结果表明,木质素磺酸盐的加入是微球表面形成波纹状突起的决定因素。经高温碳化处理过后得到中空多孔的Yolk-Shell果糖基碳微球材料具有良好的电化学性能,其比表面积为535. 04 m~2/g,孔容为0. 26 cm~3/g;在电流密度为0. 1 A/g时,其比电容为96 F/g,能量密度为3. 16 Wh/kg,功率密度为28. 06 W/kg。     

高效液相色谱法测定低聚果糖

提出用高效液相色谱法（ Ｈ Ｐ Ｌ Ｃ）, Ｂｏｎｄａｐａｋ Ｎ Ｈ２ 柱为分析柱,乙腈—水（３∶１, Ｖ／ Ｖ）为流动相,示差折 光仪为检测器,一次进样能同时测定低聚果糖样品中的果糖、蔗糖、蔗果三糖（ Ｇ Ｆ２ ）、蔗果四糖（ Ｇ Ｆ３ ）、蔗果五糖（ Ｇ Ｆ４ ）、蔗果六糖（ Ｇ Ｆ５ ）等。本法测定了样品“博爱生命素”和“火麻仁内清液”,所得结果良好,变异系数为 ０９ ％ ～１５ ％ ,线性相关系数 ｒ 为 ０９９９０～０９９９９。     

果糖结晶过程优化

通过实验筛选得到适合果糖结晶的混合溶剂,利用中通量结晶仪器Crystalline测定了果糖在水-乙醇（水的摩尔分数为0.39）混合溶剂中的溶解度和介稳区,采用Apelblat方程拟合了溶解度数据。基于热力学数据设计了晶种引晶的果糖冷却结晶工艺,过程优化得到的产品收率可达78.2%以上,纯度可达99%以上,晶体形貌规则,表面光滑,粒度分布窄。当晶体粒径大于100 μm时,利用粒度无关生长的粒数衡算方程建立了果糖连续结晶过程的动力学模型,模型表明晶体生长级数大于成核级数。     

毛细管电泳电化学检测法测定南瓜中糖类物质

高效毛细管电泳-电化学检测同时测定了南瓜中的蔗糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、果糖的含量，考察了实验参数对分离、检测的影响。在最佳实验条件下，以125μm直径的铜圆盘电极为检测电极，检测电位为0．7V（vsAg／AgCl），在0．08mol／L NaOH溶液中，上述各组分在13min内完全分离。在0．002～2mmol／L的浓度范围内，蔗糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖和果糖的线性范围均为0．002～2mmol／L。检出限分别为0．72，1．1，0．48，0．67μmol／L（3倍S／N）。峰电流的相对标准偏差RSD分别为2．15％，4．31％，1．22％和0．24％（n=7，c=0．4mmol／L）。该法直接用于南瓜中蔗糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖和果糖的测定，结果令人满意。